@article{article_1570322, title={Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Potential of Papaverine: A Comprehensive Review}, journal={Phoenix Medical Journal}, volume={7}, pages={1–4}, year={2025}, DOI={10.38175/phnx.1570322}, author={Mercan, Gamze and Varol Selçuk, Zümrüt}, keywords={Papaverine, Papaver somniferum, vasodilator, antiviral}, abstract={Papaverine, a prominent benzylisoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Papaver somniferum L., has long been used for its vasodilatory properties in clinical settings. Despite its structural distinction from opiate alkaloids, papaverine is known for inhibiting cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterase in smooth muscle cells, leading to increased intracellular concentrations of these molecules. This mechanism contributes to the dilation of cerebral, coronary, and pulmonary arteries and enhances cerebral blood flow while reducing vascular resistance. Beyond its established use, recent research has revealed papaverine’s extensive pharmacological activities, including its effects in treating erectile dysfunction, managing postoperative vasospasms, and alleviating pulmonary vasoconstriction. Furthermore, its antiviral, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anticancer properties have garnered significant attention. Notably, papaverine has demonstrated potential in controlling the cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV-2, positioning it as a candidate for therapeutic development against viral infections. Despite promising findings, further research is needed to understand the full spectrum of its molecular mechanisms and to address concerns about its long-term safety and toxicity. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of papaverine’s pharmacological actions, therapeutic applications, and the molecular pathways involved, with an emphasis on its potential as a versatile agent in modern medicine.}, number={1}, publisher={İbrahim İKİZCELİ}