TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Study on Calendula officinalis L. In Mediterranean Climatic Conditions: Impact of Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization Levels on Morphological, Yield and Physiological Characteristics
AU  - Boztaş, Gülsüm
AU  - Bayram, Emine
PY  - 2025
DA  - June
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.17557/tjfc.1575836
JF  - Turkish Journal Of Field Crops
JO  - TJFC
PB  - Society of Fields Crop Science
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 1301-1111
SP  - 192
EP  - 205
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
LA  - en
AB  - Pot marigold, Calendula officinalis L., a plant widely utilized incosmetics, medicine, and pharmacy due to its rich bioactivecompounds, was the subject of this study. The research aimed toinvestigate the effects of varying nitrogen (0, 50, 100, and 150 kgha⁻¹ N) and phosphorus (0, 50, and 100 kg ha⁻¹ P₂O₅) fertilizerdoses on the morphological, physiological, and yield-relatedcharacteristics of C. officinalis cultivated under Mediterraneanclimatic conditions. Field experiments were conducted during the2019-2020 and 2020-2021 growing seasons in İzmir Province,western Türkiye, using a randomized complete block design withfactorial arrangements and three replications. Morphologicaltraits, seed and flower yields, and nutrient use efficiencies wereassessed.The results revealed that nitrogen and phosphorus doses, year,and their interactions significantly influenced plant growth, yieldperformance, and nutrient use efficiency. The highest agronomicnitrogen use efficiency based on seed yield (35.7 kg/kg N ha-1)and flower yield (49.3 kg/kg N ha-1) was recorded at 0-50 kg ha⁻¹N in 2020. Similarly, phosphorus use efficiency peaked at 34.5kg/kg P ha-1 under the same conditions but declined sharply inthe following year due to reduced and irregular rainfall.These findings underscore the critical influence of soil moistureon nutrient uptake and utilization. Moderate fertilizer inputs (50kg ha⁻¹ N and 50 kg ha⁻¹ P₂O₅) provided a favourable balancebetween yield and nutrient efficiency. Fertilization strategies forCalendula officinalis should be based on integrated evaluationsof both yield performance and nutrient use efficiency to ensuresustainable cultivation under Mediterranean agroecologicalconditions.
KW  - Calendula officinalis
KW  - Fertilization
KW  - Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)
KW  - Phosphorus use efficiency (PUE)
KW  - Pot marigold
KW  - Yield
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UR  - https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1575836
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4324617
ER  -