@article{article_1579992, title={From addiction to pervasiveness: Validation of the Smartphone Pervasiveness Scale in Turkish adolescents}, journal={International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education}, volume={12}, pages={926–941}, year={2025}, DOI={10.21449/ijate.1579992}, author={Urfa, Osman and Görgülü, Recep}, keywords={Smartphone pervasiveness, Problematic smartphone use, Smartphone addiction, Validity, Reliability}, abstract={The present study aimed to adapt the Smartphone Pervasiveness Scale (SPS) into Turkish and to examine its psychometric properties among Turkish adolescents. To this end, two studies were conducted. Study 1 explored the factor structure of the SPS through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), using data collected from 216 adolescents (Mage = 14.50, SD = 1.55). Study 2 employed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with multi-group analysis (MGA) on a separate sample of 314 adolescents (Mage = 13.87, SD = 2.10) to confirm the factor structure of the SPS and to assess measurement invariance across gender. In addition, Study 2 examined the associations between SPS scores and several external variables—problematic smartphone use, well-being, loneliness, psychological distress, and academic performance—as evidence of criterion-related validity. In both studies, Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability (CR) coefficients were calculated to assess reliability. EFA results in Study 1 supported a 7-item, single-factor structure, with factor loadings ranging from .46 to .67. CFA results in Study 2 confirmed this structure. Measurement invariance across gender was supported by the MGA. Moreover, criterion-related validity was demonstrated in Study 2: SPS scores were positively correlated with problematic smartphone use, loneliness, and psychological distress, and negatively correlated with well-being and academic performance. In both studies, Cronbach’s alpha and CR coefficients were observed at .71 or higher. In conclusion, the Turkish version of the SPS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the pervasiveness of smartphone use among Turkish adolescents.}, number={4}, publisher={İzzet KARA}