TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluating the Clinical Performance of Highly Filled Injectable Composite and Condensable Universal Composite Restorations: A One-Year Randomized Clinical Trial
AU  - Gürses, Merve
AU  - Ünlü, Nimet
PY  - 2025
DA  - June
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1592696
JF  - Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences
PB  - Marmara University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2459-1459
SP  - 373
EP  - 379
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
LA  - en
AB  - Objective: Composite materials are constantly renewed and developed. Recently, injectable composite materials with filler ratios similar to condensable composites have been made available to clinicians. The purpose of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the one-year clinical performance of Class II restorations performed with injectable and condensable universal composite resins. Methods: The study involved 71 patients (45 female, 26 male) and 140 restorations. It used G-aenial Universal Injectable (GCI; GC, Tokyo, Japan), G-aenial A'CHORD (GCA; GC, Tokyo, Japan), Tetric Prime (TP; İvoclar Vivadent, Lichtenstein), Filtek Ultimate (FU; 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) universal composites, and the Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray Noritake Dental, Japan) self-etch adhesive system. Restorations were evaluated and scored according to modified USPHS criteria at baseline, six months, and one year. Cochran Q and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests were used for statistical analysis (p < .05).Results: At the end of the first year, no significant differences over time were observed in any parameter within any material group (p> .05). The study's materials were compared, showing statistically similar results (p> .05). Conclusion: This study found that all materials, including the injectable universal composite, demonstrated similar and successful clinical performance at the end of the first year.
KW  - Class II restoration
KW  - clinical evaluation
KW  - high-fill injectable
KW  - universal composite resin
CR  - Demarco FF, Corrêa MB, Cenci MS, Moraes RR, Opdam NJM. Longevity of posterior composite restorations: not only a matter of materials. Dent Mater. 2012;28(1):87–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2011.09.003
CR  - UN Environment Programme. New Global Treaty Cuts Mercury Emissions and Releases, Sets up Controls on Products, Mines and Industrial Plants. Avaliable at: https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/new-global-treaty-cuts-mercury-emissions-and-releases-sets-controls. Accessed 10 October 2013.
CR  - Gurgan S, Kutuk ZB, Yalcin Cakir F, Ergin E. A randomized controlled 10 years follow up of a glass ionomer restorative material in class I and class II cavities. J Dent. 2020;94:103175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2019.07.013
CR  - Laegreid T, Gjerdet NR, Johansson A, Johansson AK. Clinical decision making on extensive molar restorations. Oper Dent. 2014;39(6):E231–240. https://doi.org/10.2341/13-069-C
CR  - Beun S, Glorieux T, Devaux J, Vreven J, Leloup G. Characterization of nanofilled compared to universal and microfilled composites. Dent Mater. 2007;23(1):51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2005.12.003
CR  - Hwang S, Chung SH, Lee JT, Kim YT, Kim YJ, Oh S, Yeo ISL. Influence of acid, ethanol, and anthocyanin pigment on the optical and mechanical properties of a nanohybrid dental composite resin. Materials 2018;11(7):1234.  https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11071234
CR  - Moldovan M, Balazsi R, Soanca A, Roman A, Sarosi C, Prodan D, Vlassa M, Cojocaru I, Saceleanu V, Cristescu I. Evaluation of the degree of conversion, residual monomers and mechanical properties of some light-cured dental resin composites. Materials 2019;12(13):2109.  https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12132109
CR  - Sabatini C. Color stability behavior of methacrylate-based resin composites polymerized with light-emitting diodes and quartz-tungsten-halogen. Oper Dent. 2015;40(3):271–281. https://doi.org/10.2341/14-080-L
CR  - Gurgan S, Koc Vural U, Miletic I. Comparison of mechanical and optical properties of a newly marketed universal composite resin with contemporary universal composite resins: An in vitro study. Microsc Res Tech. 2022;85(3):1171–1179. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23985
CR  - Roeters JJM, Shortall ACC, Opdam NJM. Can a single composite resin serve all purposes? Br Dent J. 2005;199(2):73–79; quiz 114. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4812520
CR  - Hickel R, Roulet JF, Bayne S, Heintze SD, Mjör IA, Peters M, et al. Recommendations for conducting controlled clinical studies of dental restorative materials. Int Dent J. 2007;57(5):300–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595X.2007.tb00136.x
CR  - Askar H, Krois J, Göstemeyer G, Bottenberg P, Zero D, Banerjee A, Schwendicke F. Secondary caries: what is it, and how it can be controlled, detected, and managed? Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(5):1869–1876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03268-7
CR  - Sarrett DC. Clinical challenges and the relevance of materials testing for posterior composite restorations. Dent Mater. 2005;21(1):9–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2004.10.001
CR  - Kitasako Y, Sadr A, Burrow MF, Tagami J. Thirty-six month clinical evaluation of a highly filled flowable composite for direct posterior restorations. Aust Dent J. 2016;61(3):366–373. https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12387
CR  - Sabbagh J, Ryelandt L, Bachérius L, Biebuyck JJ, Vreven J, Lambrechts P, Leloup G. Characterization of the inorganic fraction of resin composites. J Oral Rehabil. 2004;31(11):1090–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01352.x
CR  - Ikeda I, Otsuki M, Sadr A, Nomura T, Kishikawa R, Tagami J. Effect of filler content of flowable composites on resin-cavity interface. Dent Mater J. 2009;28(6):679–685. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.28.679
CR  - Yazici AR, Antonson SA, Kutuk ZB, Ergin E. Thirty-six-month clinical comparison of bulk fill and nanofill composite restorations. Oper Dent. 2017;42(5):478–485. https://doi.org/10.2341/16-220-C
CR  - Yazici AR, Kutuk ZB, Ergin E, Karahan S, Antonson SA. Six-year clinical evaluation of bulk-fill and nanofill resin composite restorations. Clin Oral Investig. 2022;26(1):417–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04015-2
CR  - Tekçe N, Demirci M, Sancak EI, Güder G, Tuncer S, Baydemir C. Clinical performance of direct posterior composite restorations in patients with amelogenesis imperfecta. Oper Dent. 2022;47(6):620–629. https://doi.org/10.2342/21-106-C
CR  - Elsahn NA, El-Damanhoury HM, Shirazi Z, Saleh ARM. Surface properties and wear resistance of injectable and computer-aided design/computer aided manufacturing-milled resin composite thin occlusal veneers. Eur J Dent. 2023;17(3):663–672. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750769
CR  - Alp CK, Gündogdu C, Ahısha CD. The effect of gastric acid on the surface properties of different universal composites: A SEM study. Scanning 2022;2022:9217802. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9217802
CR  - Jakupović S, Pervan N, Mešić E, Gavranović-Glamoč A, Bajsman A, Muratović E, Kazazić E, Kantardžić-Kovačević A. Assessment of microhardness of conventional and bulk-fill resin composites using different light-curing intensity. Polymers 2023;15(10):2250.  https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15102250
CR  - Tuysuz OK, Gurses M. Changes in physical properties of universal composites and CAD/CAM materials after bleaching and antioxidant applications: Scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope evaluation. Microsc Res Tech 2024;87(5):977-990.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24494
CR  - Cvar JF, Ryge G. Reprint of criteria for the clinical evaluation of dental restorative materials. 1971. Clin Oral Investig. 2005;9(4):215–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-005-0018-z
CR  - Gurgan S, Kutuk ZB, Ergin E, Oztas SS, Cakir FY. Four-year randomized clinical trial to evaluate the clinical performance of a glass ionomer restorative system. Oper Dent. 2015;40(2):134–143. https://doi.org/10.2341/13-239-C
CR  - Mahmoud SH, El-Embaby AE, AbdAllah AM. Clinical performance of ormocer, nanofilled, and nanoceramic resin composites in Class I and Class II restorations: a three-year evaluation. Oper Dent. 2014;39(1):32–42. https://doi.org/10.2341/12-313-C
CR  - Almutairi MA, Salama FS, Alzeghaibi LY, Albalawi SW, Alhawsawi BZ. Surface treatments on repair bond strength of aged resin composites. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2022;12(4):449–455. https://doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_99_22
CR  - Bayraktar ET, Atali PY, Korkut B, Kesimli EG, Tarcin B, Turkmen C. Effect of modeling resins on microhardness of resin composites. Eur J Dent. 2021;15(3):481–487. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1725577
CR  - Tekce N, Demirci M, Gokturk SA, Tuncer S, Ozel E, Pala K, et al. The effect of bonding and surface sealant application on postoperative sensitivity from posterior composites. Istanbul Univ Dishekim Fak Derg. 2015;49(3):1–10. https://doi.org/10.17096/jiufd.33921
CR  - Hamza B, Zimmerman M, Attin T, Tauböck TT. Marginal integrity of classical and bulk-fill composite restorations in permanent and primary molars. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):13670. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18126-7
CR  - Canyurt MB. Investigation of the effect of tooth brushing on the surface rougness and microhardness of the new generation flowable composites. Oktay EA, editor. University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Faculty of Dentistry; 2022.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1592696
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4400163
ER  -