TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the Energy Efficiency of Glass Components in the Improvement of an Existing Office Building with a Double-Skin Façade System in a Temperate-Humid Climate TT - Ilıman-Nemli İklimde Mevcut Bir Ofis Binasının Çift Kabuk Cephe Sistemi ile iyileştirmesinde Cam Bileşenlerinin Enerji Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi AU - Su, Nevriye Sümeyye AU - Özer Yüksel, Elif PY - 2025 DA - July Y2 - 2025 DO - 10.30785/mbud.1593408 JF - Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications JO - MBUD PB - Süleyman Demirel University WT - DergiPark SN - 2548-0170 SP - 175 EP - 199 VL - 10 IS - 1 LA - en AB - Industrialisation causes migration from rural to urban areas. This situation increases the consumption of raw materials and energy in building stocks, CO2, greenhouse gases and global warming. The solution is the implementation of sustainable and energy-efficient design strategies. Ensuring physical environmental comfort conditions in buildings - such as thermal, visual, acoustic, and indoor air quality -requires high energy usage. This study assesses the potential for improving the south façade of the Gebze Technical University (GTU) Rectorate Administrative Building in a temperate-humid climate through double-skin façade system. The study aims to evaluate the performance of the glass type and insulating gases used between the glass layers in terms of heating and cooling energy consumption. Rhinoceros/Grasshopper and Honeybee programs were used for the analysis. As a result of the improvements, the system reduced energy consumption for heating and cooling. Low-E glass and argon gas used in the improvement system were key factors. KW - Double-skin façade system KW - energy-efficient improvement KW - low-e glass KW - rhinoceros/grasshopper KW - temperate-humid N2 - Sanayileşme, kırsal alanlardan kentsel bölgelere göçü tetiklemektedir. Bu durum, bina stoklarında hammadde ve enerji tüketimini arttırarak, CO2, sera gazları ve küresel ısınmayı yükseltmektedir. Çözüm olarak sürdürülebilir ve enerji verimli tasarım stratejilerinin uygulanmasıdır. Binalarda termal, görsel, akustik ve iç hava kalitesi gibi fizik ortam konfor koşullarının sağlanması yüksek enerji kullanımı gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışma, ılıman-nemli iklim bölgesindeki Gebze Teknik Üniversitesi (GTÜ) Rektörlük İdari Binasının güney cephesinin çift kabuk cephe sistemi ile iyileştirilme potansiyelini değerlendirmektedir. Çalışma, cam türünün ve cam katmanları arasında kullanılan yalıtım gazlarının performansını ısıtma ve soğutma enerjisi tüketimi açısından değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Analiz için Rhinoceros/Grasshopper ve Honeybee programları kullanılmıştır. Yapılan iyileştirmeler sonucunda, sistem ısıtma ve soğutma enerji tüketimini azaltmıştır. İyileştirme sisteminde kullanılan Low-E cam ve argon gazı kilit faktörler olmuştur. CR - Alakavuk, E. (2010). A Design Approach for The Double Skin Glass Façade Systems in Hot Climatic Regions (PhD thesis). Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir. Access Address (18.05.2020): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=tCQlHitWCvcRpolA0KG4xw&no=6d5gyKq8KdjlLc6tn6ExCw CR - Atmaca, U. (2016). TS 825 binalarda ısı yalıtım kuralları standardındaki güncellemeler. Tesisat Mühendisliği, 154, 21-35. Access Address (20.04.2020): https://www.mmo.org.tr/sites/default/files/727e44224c40ad9_ek.pdf CR - Bakkal, S. (2019). Energy Effective Improvement Recommendations Related to The Use of Double Skin Façade Systems in Educational Buildings (Master's thesis). Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon. Access Address (17.04.2021): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp? id=6zBHMTJH1oGr8nUNJbFJuQ&no=U4y84NjyRTcmAQCMwbqCRg CR - Başarır, B. & Diri, B. (2014, 3-4 Nisan). Bina Cephelerinin Yenilenmesinde Kullanılan Stratejiler. 7. Ulusal Çatı & Cephe Sempozyumu (p. 109-119). Beşiktaş, Istanbul. Access Address (29.07.2022): https://www.b2bmedya.com/ekitap/pdf/7nci-ulusal-cati-ve-cephe-sempozyumu-bildiriler-kitabi-2014.pdf CR - Cho, K., Cho, D., Koo, B. & Yun, Y. (2023). Thermal performance analysis of windows, based on argon gas percentages between window glasses. Buildings, 13(12), 2935. Access Address (01.05.2024): https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13122935 CR - Çakır Kıasıf, G. (2015). Analysis of The Suitability of Energy-Efficient Double Skin Façade Systems for Use in Istanbul (PhD thesis). Halic University, Istanbul. Access Address (28.05.2020): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=mU_lPjgod3BSfDnR5- WziQ&no=rwlA0KuDJkvvoBy4ZxDjOw CR - Çetiner, İ. (2002). An Approach for The Evaluation of The Energy and Cost Efficiency of Double Skin Glass Façades (PhD thesis). Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul. Access Address (04.02.2021): https://polen.itu.edu.tr/items/94cbb2ff-adfb-40ce-bb7e-84589f2decb9 CR - Çiçek, Y. (2019). An Evaluation About Thermal Performance of Materials Commonly Used in Façades in Different Climate Regions: Toki Example (Master's thesis). Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul. Access Address (27.03.2021): https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/632855 CR - Göksal Özbalta, T. & Yıldız, Y. (2019). Sıcak-nemli iklimde çift kabuk cephe enerji performansının incelenmesi. METU JFA, 36:1, 137-156. Access Address (17.05.2020): https://metujfa.arch.metu.edu.tr/index.php/jfa/article/view/2019.1.2 CR - Karaca, Ö. (2011). A Case Study on The Energy Efficient Retrofitting of An Existing Office Building in Istanbul (Master's thesis). Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul. Access Address (09.02.2021): https://polen.itu.edu.tr/items/e3c37535-9e92-4cfa-babb-3bf11b1501cc CR - Kavak, N. S. (2022). Evaluation of Glass Components Used in Improvement of Double Skin Façade System in Temperate-Humid Climate Zones in Terms of Energy Efficiency (Master's thesis). Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli. Access Address (12.12.2024): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp CR - Kısa Ovalı, P. (2019). Biyoklimatik tasarım matrisi (Türkiye). Trakya University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 20(2), 51-66. Access Address (22.10.2022): https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tujes/issue/52129/575617 CR - Mangan, S. D. & Koçlar Oral, G. (2014). Türkiye’nin farklı iklim bölgelerinde bir konut binasının enerji etkin iyileştirilmesi. Tesisat Mühendisliği, 143, 37-46. Access Address (12.11.2020): https://mmo.org.tr/sites/default/files/4b07956f719f5ec_ek.pdf CR - Naddaf, M. S. & Baper, S. Y. (2023). The role of double-skin façade configurations in optimizing building energy performance in Erbil City. Scientific Reports, 13, 8394. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-35555-0. Access Adress (20.10.2024): https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-35555-0#article-info CR - Ölmez, D. (2013). Examining a Multi-Storey Office Buildings’ Glass Surface Thermal Performance Improvement Alternatives (Master's thesis). Gazi University, Ankara. Access Address (28.03.2021):https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp? id=r0B3UE00Ik3UXR7wEAnilA&no=U2AV3xggaJyupnEdggvlaA CR - Parametrichouse. (2024). Access Address (11.12.2024): https://parametrichouse.com/building-elements/ CR - Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change. (2024). Environmental Indicators. Access Address (22.10.2024): https://cevreselgostergeler.csb.gov.tr/sektorlere-gore-toplam-enerji- tuketimi-i-85800 CR - Rhinoceros. (2024). Access Address (11.12.2024): https://www.rhino3d.com/ CR - Şişecam. (2022). Glass Tool. Access Address (23.12.2022): https://glasstool.sisecam.com/tr/HomePage.aspx CR - Somasundaram, S., Thangavelu, S. R. & Chong, A. (2020). Improving building efficiency using low-e coating based retrofit double glazing with solar films. Applied Thermal Engineering, 171. Access Address (12.06.2022): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115064 CR - Chong, A., Somasundaram, S., Thangavelu, S. R. & Wei, Z. (2020). Energy saving potential of low-e coating based retrofit double glazing for tropical climate. Energy & Buildings, 206. Access Address (18.06.2022): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109570 CR - Sorooshnia, E., Rashidi, M., Rahnamayiezekavat P., Mahmoudkelayeh, S., Pourvaziri, M., Kamranfar, S., Gheibi, M., Samali, B. & Moezzi, R. (2023). A novel approach for optimized design of low-e windows and visual comfort for residential spaces. Energy and Built Environment, 6, 27-42. Access Address (12.02.2025): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.08.002 CR - Tıkır, A. (2009). A Case Study on Energy Efficient Retrofitting of Existing Residential Buildings in Istanbul and Evaluating Economic Efficiency (Master's thesis). Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul. Access Address (30.05.2021): https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp? id=GtKOXP05ZISChIVoJoIUlg&no=v9A4NgHKGdNuoPk985BvYw CR - Turkish State Meteorological Service. (2024). Cities & Holiday Resorts. Access Address (22.10.2024): https://mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=undefined&m=KOCAELI CR - Urbikain, M. K. (2020). Energy Efficient Solutions for Retrofitting a Residential Multi-Storey Building with Vacuum İnsulation Panels and Low-E Windows in Two European Climates. Journal of Cleaner Production, 269. Access Address (10.01.2025): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121459 UR - https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1593408 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4403362 ER -