TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping the Evolution of Buddhist Tourism Research: Trends, Key Themes and Future Directions AU - Thakur, Parul PY - 2025 DA - July Y2 - 2025 DO - 10.26650/jot.2025.10.1.1594782 JF - Journal of Tourismology PB - Istanbul University WT - DergiPark SN - 2459-1939 SP - 73 EP - 93 VL - 11 IS - 1 LA - en AB - Buddhist tourism represents a dynamic and multifaceted domain within the broader field of religious and cultural tourism, gaining prominence for its socio-cultural and economic implications. Despite its growing importance, a comprehensive understanding of its scholarly landscape remains limited, necessitating an in-depth exploration of existing research. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of literature pertaining to Buddhist tourism, with the primary objectives of understanding the evolving scholarly landscape, identifying key trends, seminal works, influential authors, and emerging research areas. A systematic bibliometric analysis was conducted using English-language articles indexed in Scopus, with a curated dataset of 236 articles analysed to uncover publication patterns, thematic clusters, and scholarly collaborations. Qualitative insights were integrated to complement the quantitative f indings, offering a holistic perspective. The analysis reveals significant insights into the structure and evolution of Buddhist tourism research, including a steady growth in publications with a notable surge in recent years, identification of prominent themes such as sustainable tourism, cultural heritage, and ethical practices, recognition of influential journals like the International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage and prolific authors such as Keji Huang and Chris Ryan, and emerging research areas focused on sustainability, cultural authenticity, and the interplay between religion and tourism. This study contributes to advancing the understanding of Buddhist tourism by mapping its scholarly trajectory and highlighting areas for future research. Policymakers and tourism stakeholders can leverage these insights to foster sustainable and culturally sensitive tourism practices. This research offers a rigorous, systematic analysis of Buddhist tourism literature, providing fresh insights that enrich scholarly discourse and inspire further exploration in this dynamic field. KW - Buddhist tourism KW - Bibliometric analysis KW - Citation KW - Co-citation analysis KW - VOSviewer CR - Adongo, R., Choe, J. Y. and Han, H. (2017). Tourism in Hoi An, Vietnam: impacts, perceived benefits, community attachment and support for tourism development. International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 17(2), 86–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2017.1294344 google scholar CR - Apriliyanti, I. D. and Alon, I. (2017). Bibliometric analysis of absorptive capacity. International Business Review, 26(5), 896–907. doi: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2017.02.007 google scholar CR - Bar-Ilan, J. (2010). Citations to the “Introduction to informetrics” indexed by WOS, Scopus and Google Scholar. Scientometrics, 82(3), 495–506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-010-0185-9 google scholar CR - Chakravarty, S.and Irazábal, C. (2011). Golden geese or white elephants? The paradoxes of world heritage sites and community-based tourism development in Agra, India. Community Development, 42(3), 359–376. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2010.519042 google scholar CR - Chen, L. I. L., Scott, N. and Benckendorff, P. (2017). Mindful tourist experiences: A Buddhist perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 64, 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2017.01.013 google scholar CR - Collins-Kreiner, N. (2010). The geography of pilgrimage and tourism: Transformations and implications for applied geography. Applied Geography, 30(1), 153–164. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2009.02.001 google scholar CR - Collins-Kreiner, N. and Wall, G. (2015). Tourism and Religion: Spiritual Journeys and Their Consequences. In The Changing World Religion Map (pp. 689–707). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9376-6_34 google scholar CR - Crook, J. H. (1980). Social change in Indian Tibet. Social Science Information, 19(1), 139–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/053901848001900105 google scholar CR - Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285–296. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070 google scholar CR - Echchakoui, S. (2020). Why and how to merge Scopus and Web of Science during bibliometric analysis: the case of sales force literature from 1912 to 2019. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 8(3), 165–184. doi:10.1057/s41270-020-00081-9 google scholar CR - Ekern, S., Logan, W., Sauge, B. and Sinding-Larsen, A. (2012). Human rights and World Heritage: preserving our common dignity through rights-based approaches to site management. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 18(3), 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13527258.2012.656253 google scholar CR - Ellegaard, O. and Wallin, J. A. (2015). The bibliometric analysis of scholarly production: How great is the impact? Scientometrics, 105(3), 1809–1831. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1645-z google scholar CR - Errington, S. (1998). The Death of Authentic Primitive Art. In The Death of Authentic Primitive Art and Other Tales of Progress (pp. 118– 136). University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520920347-008 google scholar CR - Hodgkinson, G. P., & Ford, J. K. (2014). Narrative, meta-analytic, and systematic reviews: What are the differences and why do they matter? Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 35(S1), S1–S5. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1918 google scholar CR - Huang, K., & Pearce, P. (2019). Visitors’ perceptions of religious tourism destinations. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 14, 100371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.100371 google scholar CR - Huang, K., Pearce, P., Guo, Q., & Shen, S. (2020). Visitors’ spiritual values and relevant influencing factors in religious tourism destinations. International Journal of Tourism Research, 22(3), 314–324. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2337 google scholar CR - Huang, K., Pearce, P. L., Wu, M.-Y., & Wang, X.-Z. (2019). Tourists and Buddhist heritage sites: An integrative analysis of visitors’ experiences and happiness through positive psychology constructs. Tourist Studies, 19(4), 549–568. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797619850107 google scholar CR - Huang, K., Pearce, P., & Wen, J. (2017). Tourists’ Attitudes Towards Religious Commercialisation. Tourism Culture & Communication, 17(4), 259–270. doi:10.3727/109830417X15072926259397 google scholar CR - Kolås, åshild. (2004). Tourism and the Making of Places in Shangri-La. Tourism Geographies, 6(3), 262–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 1461668042000249610 google scholar CR - Kolas, A. (2007). Tourism and Tibetan Culture in Transition. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203939949 google scholar CR - Koseoglu, M. A., Rahimi, R., Okumus, F., & Liu, J. (2016). Bibliometric studies in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 61, 180–198. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2016.10.006 google scholar CR - Kraus, S., Breier, M., & Dasí-Rodríguez, S. (2020). The art of crafting a systematic literature review in entrepreneurship research. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16(3), 1023–1042. DOI: 10.1007/s11365-020-00635-4 google scholar CR - Levi, D. and Kocher, S. (2013). Perception of Sacredness at Heritage Religious Sites. Environment and Behaviour, 45(7), 912–930. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0013916512445803 google scholar CR - Leydesdorff, L. and Rafols, I. (2011). Interactive Overlays: A New Method for Generating Global Journal Maps from Web-of-Science Data. http://www.leydesdorff.net. google scholar CR - Liu, A. and Liu, H. J. (2008). Tourism Employment Issues in Malaysia. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 7(2), 163–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332840802156907 google scholar CR - Lundberg, C. and Ziakas, V. (Eds.). (2018). The Routledge Handbook of Popular Culture and Tourism. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/ 9781315559018 google scholar CR - Mak, A. H. N., Lumbers, M. and Eves, A. (2012). Globalisation and food consumption in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 171– 196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.05.010 google scholar CR - Mongeon, P. and Paul-Hus, A. (2015). Journal Coverage of Web of Science and Scopus: a Comparative Analysis. google scholar CR - Moral-Muñoz, J. A., Herrera-Viedma, E., Santisteban-Espejo, A., & Cobo, M. J. (2020). Software tools for conducting bibliometric analysis in science: An up-to-date review. El Profesional de La Información, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.ene.03 google scholar CR - Nyaupane, G. P. (2009). Heritage complexity and tourism: the case of Lumbini, Nepal. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 4(2), 157–172. https:// doi.org/10.1080/17438730802429181 google scholar CR - Nyaupane, G. P., Timothy, D. J., & Poudel, S. (2015). Understanding tourists in religious destinations: A social distance perspective. Tourism Management, 48, 343–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.12.009 google scholar CR - Palumbo Rocco, and Trocciola Gaetano. (2016). Co-producing Services to Enhance Cultural Heritage. The Role of Co-production in Improving the Quality of Tourism Services. google scholar CR - Pan, X., Yan, E., Cui, M. and Hua, W. (2018). Examining the usage, citation, and diffusion patterns of bibliometric mapping software: A comparative study of three tools. Journal of Informetrics, 12(2), 481–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2018.03.005 google scholar CR - Philp, J., & Mercer, D. (1999). Commodification of Buddhism in contemporary burma. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(1), 21–54. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00050-4 google scholar CR - Purnomo, A., Septianto, A., Sutiksno, D. U., Hikmawan, M. I., & Kumalasari, R. D. (2020). Technopreneur Publication: A Bibliometric Analysis (2000–2019). 2020 International Conference on Information Management and Technology (ICIMTech), 521–526. doi: 10.1109/ ICIMTech50083.2020.9211111 google scholar CR - Reeves, K. and Long, C. (2011). Unbearable Pressures on Paradise? Critical Asian Studies, 43(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715. 2011.537849 google scholar CR - Religious Tourism Market Share Research Report. (2024). https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/religious-tourism-market-share-research-report-2023-2030-naklf/ google scholar CR - Ryan, C. and Gu, H. (2010). Constructionism and culture in research: Understandings of the fourth Buddhist Festival, Wutaishan, China. google scholar CR - Tourism Management, 31(2), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.01.003 google scholar CR - Silva, K. and Chapagain, N. K. (Eds.). (2013). Asian Heritage Management. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203066591 google scholar CR - Singgalen, Y. A., Sasongko, G., & Wiloso, P. G. (2019). Ritual Capital for Rural Livelihood and Sustainable Tourism Development in Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management), 25(2), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm. 25.2.115 google scholar CR - Smith, S. (2015). A sense of place: place, culture and tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 40(2), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 02508281.2015.1049814 google scholar CR - Son, A. and Xu, H. (2013). Religious food as a tourism attraction: the role of Buddhist temple food in Western tourist experience. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 8(2–3), 248–258. doi:10.1080/1743873X.2013.767815 google scholar CR - Sotiriadis, M., & Loedolff, C. (2015). Nature-Based Visitor Attractions and Alliances/Partnerships: Suggesting a Collaboration Framework and the Factors Determining Effectiveness. Journal of Human Ecology, 49(1–2), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2015. 11906827 google scholar CR - Srivastava, K. (2023). A View on the Research Panorama of Spiritual Tourism: A Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Tourism, Sustainability and Well-Being, 11(4), 188–202. google scholar CR - Statista. (2023). Estimated value of the faith-based tourism market worldwide in 2022, with forecasts for 2023 and 2033. google scholar CR - Thompson, D. F. and Walker, C. K. (2015). A Descriptive and Historical Review of Bibliometrics with Applications to Medical Sciences. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 35(6), 551–559. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.1586 google scholar CR - Vafadari, A. (2008). Visitor Management, the Development of Sustainable Cultural Tourism and Local Community Participation at Chogha Zanbil, Iran. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, 10(3), 264–304. https://doi.org/10.1179/175355209X452804 google scholar CR - Van Eck, N. J. and Waltman, L. (2009). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523–538. doi:10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3 google scholar CR - Van Eck, N. and Waltman, L. (2011). Text mining and visualisation using VOSviewer. www.vosviewer.com. google scholar CR - Wang, S., Zhou, L., Lee, S. and King, C. (2014). Analysis of Residents’ Social Identity, Tourism Engagement, and Propensity for Tourism Advocacy (pp. 109–129). https://doi.org/10.1108/S1745-354220140000010006 google scholar CR - Wang, W., Chen, J. S. and Huang, K. (2016). Religious Tourist Motivation in Buddhist Mountain: The Case from China. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2015.1016443 google scholar CR - Weingart, P. (2005). Impact of bibliometrics upon the science system: Inadvertent consequences? Scientometrics, 62(1), 117–131. doi:10.1007/s11192-005-0007-7 google scholar CR - Wong, C. U. I. (2017). The Big Buddha of Hong Kong: an accidental Buddhist theme park. Tourism Geographies, 19(2), 168–187. https:// doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2016.1158204 google scholar CR - Wong, C. U. I. (2019). Social interaction in visitor control at a Chinese Buddhist monastic site. Tourism Recreation Research, 44(1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2018.1523297 google scholar CR - Wong, C. U. I., McIntosh, A. and Ryan, C. (2013). Buddhism and Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 40, 213–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.annals.2012.09.004 google scholar CR - Wong, C. U. I., McIntosh, A., & Ryan, C. (2016). Visitor Management at a Buddhist Sacred Site. Journal of Travel Research, 55(5), 675–687. doi: 10.1177/0047287514563164 google scholar CR - Wong, C. U. I. and Ryan, C. (2013). Tourism at Buddhist Shrines in Putuoshan: A Co-existence of the Secular and Profane. In Tourism in China (pp. 250–261). Multilingual Matters. doi:10.21832/9781845414023-020 google scholar CR - Wong, C. U. I., Ryan, C. and McIntosh, A. (2013). The Monasteries of Putuoshan, China: Sites of Secular or Religious Tourism? Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(6), 577–594. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2013.810996 google scholar CR - Yu, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., Gu, Z., Zhong, H., Zha, Q., Yang, L., Zhu, C. and Chen, E. (2020). A bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer of publications on COVID-19. Annals of Translational Medicine, 8(13), 816–816. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-20-4235 google scholar CR - Zhang, C., Moreira, M. R. A., & Sousa, P. S. A. (2021). A bibliometric view of the use of total quality management in services. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 32(13–14), 1466–1493. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2020.1732811 google scholar CR - Zhang, G., Huang, K., & Shen, S. (2023). Impact of spiritual values on tourists’ psychological wellbeing: evidence from China’s Buddhist mountains. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1136755 google scholar UR - https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2025.10.1.1594782 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4409562 ER -