TY - JOUR T1 - İklim Değişikliğinin Bitki Fungal Patojenleri Üzerindeki Etkileri TT - Effects of Climate Change on Plant Fungal Pathogens AU - Başbağcı, Gürkan PY - 2025 DA - June Y2 - 2025 DO - 10.54975/isubuzfd.1606818 JF - Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi JO - ISUBU JAF PB - Isparta University of Applied Sciences WT - DergiPark SN - 1304-9984 SP - 17 EP - 24 VL - 20 IS - 1 LA - tr AB - Son yıllarda etkilerinin daha çok hissedildiği iklim değişikliği tüm dünyada farklı etkilere neden olmaktadır. Tüm canlılar gibi bitkiler de bu değişiklikten ciddi şekilde etkilenmektedir. Sıcaklık, nem ve karbondioksit gibi mikroorganizma gelişimini direkt olarak etkileyen faktörler göz önüne alındığında, bitki ve toprak mikroorganizma faunasında değişkenlik gözlemlenebilmesi muhtemeldir. Funguslar, bitki patojenleri arasında en baskın gruptur ve atmosferik koşullardan oldukça etkilenirler. Ayrıca fungusların ortam koşullarına hızlı bir şekilde adapte olabilmesi ile yeni ya da daha virülent ırklar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu konuda tüm dünyada iklim değişikliği senaryoları oluşturularak gelecekteki durum tahmin edilmekte ve önlem alma trendi bulunmaktadır. Bu derleme makalenin amacı, iklim değişikliğinin bitki fungal patojenleri üzerindeki etkileri konusunda yürütülen ve bilgi içeren çalışmaları bir araya getirmek, bu konuda çalışan araştırıcılara ışık tutmak, farkındalık yaratmak ve kaynak oluşturmaktır. KW - İklim değişikliği KW - fungus KW - yüksek sıcaklık KW - nem KW - karbondioksit N2 - Climate change, the effects of which have been felt more in recent years, causes different effects all over the world. Like all living things, plants are seriously affected by this change. Considering the factors that directly affect microorganism development, such as temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide, it is possible to observe variability in the plant and soil microorganism fauna. Fungi are the most dominant group among plant pathogens and are highly affected by atmospheric conditions. In addition, new or more virulent strains may emerge as fungi can quickly adapt to environmental conditions. In this regard, climate change scenarios are created all over the world to predict the future situation and there is a trend to take precautions. The purpose of this review article is to bring together informative studies on the effects of climate change on plant fungal pathogens, to shed light on researchers working on this subject, to raise awareness and to create resources. CR - Agrios, G. N. (2004). Plant pathology, 5th edn. Elsevier, London, 922p. CR - Alkhalifah, D. H. M., Damra, E., Melhem, M. B., & Hozzein, W. N. (2023). Fungus under a changing climate: modeling the current and future global distribution of Fusarium oxysporum using geographical information system data. Microorganisms, 11(2), 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020468 CR - Anderson, P. K., Cunningham, A. A., Patel, N. G., Morales, F. J., Epstein, P. R., & Daszak, P. (2004). Emerging infectious diseases of plants: pathogen pollution, climate change and agrotechnology drivers. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 19, 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2004.07.021 CR - Anderson, R., Bayer, P. E., & Edwards, D. (2020). Climate change and the need for agricultural adaptation. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 56, 197-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2019.12.006 CR - Aydoğdu, G. (2020). İklim Değişikliği ve Tarımsal Uygulamalar Etkileşimi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 43 – 61. CR - Baştaş, K. K. (2021). Impacts of Climate Changes on Plant-Beneficial Microorganism Interactions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 9, 2594-2603. CR - Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi, (2002). http://iklim.cob.gov.tr/iklim/AnaSayfa/BMIDCS.aspx?sflang=tr (Erişim: 01.10. 2024). CR - Boyer, J.S. (1995). Biochemical and biophysical aspects of water deficits and the predisposition to disease. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 33, 251–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.33.090195.001343 CR - Butterworth, M.H., Semenov, M.A., Barnes, A., Moran, D., West, J.S., & Fitt, B.D.L. (2010). North-South divide; contrasting impacts of climate change on crop yields in Scotland and England. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 7, 123-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2009.0111 CR - Can, A. & Baygüven, B. (2004). Sera Gazları Emisyon Envanteri Çalışma Grubu Taslak Raporu. TÜİK, Çevre İstatistikleri Şubesi, Ankara. CR - Chakraborty, S. & Newton, A. C. (2011). Climate change, plant diseases and food security: an overview. Plant Pathology, 60, 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02411.x CR - Chakraborty, S. (2013). Migrate or evolve: options for plant pathogens under climate change. Global Change Biology, 19(7), 1985-2000IPCC (2007) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds) Contribution of working group 1 to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12205 Chitarra, W., Siciliano, I., Ferrocino, I., Gullino, M.L., & Garibaldi, A. (2015). Effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature on the disease severity of rocket plants caused by Fusarium wilt under phytotron conditions. PLoS ONE, 10(10):e0140769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140769 CR - Desaint, H., Aoun, N., Deslandes, L., Vailleau, F., Roux, F., & Berthomé, R. (2021). Fight hard or die trying: when plants face pathogens under heat stress. New Phytologist, 229(2), 712-734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.16965 CR - Dixon, G. R. (2012). Climate change–impact on crop growth and food production, and plant pathogens. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 34(3), 362-379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2012.701233 CR - Eastburn, D. M., Degennaro, M. M., Delucia, E. H., Dermody, O., & Mcelrone, A. J. (2010). Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone alter soybean diseases at SoyFACE. Global Change Biology, 16, 320-330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01978.x CR - Elad, Y., & Pertot, I. (2014). Climate change impacts on plant pathogens and plant diseases. Journal of Crop Improvement, 28, 99-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2014.865412 CR - Evans, N., Baierl, A., Semenov, M.A., Gladders, P., & Fitt, B.D.L. (2008). Range and severity of a plant disease increased by global warming. Journal of Royal Society Interface, 5, 525-531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2007.1136 CR - Gange, A.C., Ganage, E.G., Spvd.,s, T.H., & Boddy, L. (2007). Rapid and recent changes in fungal fruiting patterns. Science, 316 (5821), 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1137489 CR - Garrett, K. A., Dendy, S. P., Frank, E. E., Rouse, M. N., & Travers, S. E. (2006). Climate change effects on plant disease: Genomes to ecosystems. Annual Review Of Phytopathology, 44, 489-509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.44.070505.143420 CR - Ghini, R., Hamada, E., & Bettiol, W. (2008). Climate change and plant disease. Scientia Agricola (Piracicaba, Brazil), 65, 98-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162008000700015 CR - Grulke, N. E. (2011). The nexus of host and pathogen phenology: understanding the disease triangle with climate change. New Phytologist 189, 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03568.x CR - Hunjan, M. S., & Lore, J. S. (2020). Climate change: Impact on plant pathogens, diseases, and their management. Crop Protection Under Changing Climate, 85-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46111-9_4 CR - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2019). IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Geneva, Switzerland: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. CR - IPCC. (2007). Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds) Contribution of working group 1 to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. CR - IPCC. (2008). Climate change and water, Intergovernmental panel on climate change technical report IV. CR - Jat, M. K., & Ahir, R. R. (2013). Effect of temperature, relative humidity and pH on mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium solani causing root rot of Indian Aloe (Aloe barbadensis MILL.). Journal of Plant Science Research, 29 (2),181. CR - Juroszek, P., Racca, P., Link, S., Farhumand, J., & Kleinhenz, B. (2020). Overview on the review articles published during the past 30 years relating to the potential climate change effects on plant pathogens and crop disease risks. Plant Pathology, 69(2), 179-193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13119 CR - Kaur, G., Singh, H., Maurya, S., Kumar, C., & Kumar, A. (2023). Current scenario of climate change and its impact on plant diseases. Plant Science Today, 10(4), 163-171. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2479 CR - Klopfenstein, N. B., Kim, M.-S., Hanna, J. W., Richardson, B.A., & Lundquist, J. (2009). Approaches to predicting potential impacts of climate change on forest disease: an example with Armillaria root disease. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, RMRS-RP-76, pp. CR - Lodha, S., & Mawar. R. (2020). Population dynamics of Macrophomina phaseolina in relation to disease management: A review. Journal of Phytopathology, 168,1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jph.12854 CR - Manici, L. M., Bregaglio, S., Fumagalli, D., & Donatelli, M. (2014). Modelling soil borne fungal pathogens of arable crops under climate change. International Journal of Biometeorology, 58, 2071-2083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-014-0808-6 CR - McElrone, A.J., Sherald J.L., & Forseth, I.N. (2001). Effects of water stress on symptomatology and growth of Parthenocissus quinquefolia infected by Xylella fastidiosa. Plant Disease 85, 1160–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.11.1160 CR - Miraglia, M., Marvin, H. J. P., Kleter, G. A., Battilani, P., Brera, C., Coni, E., ... & Vespermann, A. (2009). Climate change and food safety: an emerging issue with special focus on Europe. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(5), 1009-1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.02.005 CR - Nnadi, N. E., & Carter, D. A. (2021). Climate change and the emergence of fungal pathogens. PLoS Pathogens, 17(4), e1009503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009503 CR - Pandey, A. K., & Basandrai, A. K. (2021). Will Macrophomina phaseolina spread in legumes due to climate change? A critical review of current knowledge. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 128(1), 9-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41348-020-00374-2 CR - Paterson, R. R. M., & Lima, N. (2010). How will climate change affect mycotoxins in food? Food Research International 43, 1902–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2009.07.010 CR - Pathak, R., Singh, S. K., Tak, A., & Gehlot, P. (2018). Impact of climate change on host, pathogen and plant disease adaptation regime: a review. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 15(3), 529-540. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2658 CR - Peng, Z., Liu, Y., Qi, J., Gao, H., Li, X., Tian, Q., ... & Jiao, S. (2023). The climate‐driven distribution and response to global change of soil‐borne pathogens in agroecosystems. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 32(5), 766-779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.13662 CR - Rai, A., Irulappan, V., & Senthil-Kumar, M. (2022). Dry root rot of chickpea: a disease favored by drought. Plant Disease, 106(2), 346-356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-21-1410-FE CR - Raza, M. M., & Bebber, D. P. (2022). Climate change and plant pathogens. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 70, 102233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2022.102233 CR - Rienth, M., Vigneron, N., Walker, R. P., Castellarin, S. D., Sweetman, C., Burbidge, C. A., ... & Darriet, P. (2021). Modifications of grapevine berry composition induced by main viral and fungal pathogens in a climate change scenario. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 717223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.717223 CR - Rosenzweig, C. & Tubiello, F. N. (2007). Adaptation and mitigation strategies in agriculture: an analysis of potential synergies. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 12, 855-873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-007-9103-8 CR - Santini, A., & Ghelardini, L. (2015). Plant pathogen evolution and climate change. CABI Reviews, 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR201510035 CR - Serrano, M. S., Romero, M. Á., Homet, P., & Gómez-Aparicio, L. (2022). Climate change impact on the population dynamics of exotic pathogens: The case of the worldwide pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 322, 109002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109002 CR - Sharma, M. (2016). Emerging disease scenario in pulses under climate change. Pulses Challenges and Opportunities under Changing Climatic Scenario.[Dixit, GP, Singh, J. and Singh, NP (ed.)], ISPRD, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 138-146. CR - Sharma, M., Mangala, U.N., Krishnamurthy, M., Vadez, V., & Pande, S. (2010). Drought and dry root of chickpea. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Food Legumes Research Conference (IFLRC V) and 7th European Conference on Grain Legumes (AEP VII), Antalya, Turkey. CR - Siebold, M., & von Tiedemann, A. (2012). Potential effects of global warming on oilseed rape pathogens in Northern Germany. Fungal Ecology, 5, 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2011.04.003 CR - Singh, B. K., Delgado-Baquerizo, M., Egidi, E., Guirado, E., Leach, J. E., Liu, H., & Trivedi, P. (2023). Climate change impacts on plant pathogens, food security and paths forward. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 21(10), 640-656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41579-023-00900-7 CR - Tedersoo, L., Bahram, M., Põlme, S., Kõljalg, U., Yorou, N. S., Wijesundera, R., ... & Abarenkov, K. (2014). Global diversity and geography of soil fungi. Science, 346(6213), 1256688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1256688 CR - Vary, Z., Mullins, E., McElwain, J. C., & Doohan, F. M. (2015). The severity of wheat diseases increases when plants and pathogens are acclimatized to elevated carbon dioxide. Global Change Biology, 21(7), 2661-2669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12899 CR - Wahdan, S. F. M., Hossen, S., Tanunchai, B., Schädler, M., Buscot, F., & Purahong, W. (2020). Future climate significantly alters fungal plant pathogen dynamics during the early phase of wheat litter decomposition. Microorganisms, 8, 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060908 CR - Watt, M. S., Ganley, R. J., Kriticos, D. J., & Manning, L. K. (2011). Dothistroma needle blight and pitch canker: the current and future potential distribution of two important diseases of Pinus species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 41, 412–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/X10-204 UR - https://doi.org/10.54975/isubuzfd.1606818 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4464798 ER -