TY  - JOUR
T1  - Investigation of the Relationship Between Alternative Treatment Methods Used by Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Their Nutritional Status and Self-Care
TT  - Investigation of the Relationship Between Alternative Treatment Methods Used by Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Their Nutritional Status and Self-Care
AU  - Okudu, Ceyda
AU  - Sönmez, Dilanur
AU  - Şen, Elif Gamze
PY  - 2025
DA  - August
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.56061/fbujohs.1611962
JF  - Fenerbahçe University Journal of Health Sciences
JO  - FBU-JOHS
PB  - Fenerbahçe University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2757-9905
SP  - 187
EP  - 205
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
LA  - en
AB  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised by abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and is caused by insulin secretion, insulin resistance or a combination of both. This study was conducted to examine the effects of alternative treatment methods used by individuals with type 2 diabetes on their eating habits and self-care. A total of 48 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes participated in the study. The average duration of diabetes was 10.7 years and 58.7% of the participants used oral anti-diabetic drugs. 47.9% of the participants stated that they had previously used Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) and 55% stated that they used CAM to get rid of the side effects of medication. The mean CAM attitude level of the patients was 32.3±8.1 and the mean self-care level was 71.9±13.4. A positive correlation was found between the number of meals, duration of diabetes, fasting and postprandial blood glucose and self-care levels (p
KW  - Type 2 Diabetes
KW  - Eating Habits
KW  - Self-Care
KW  - Alternatice Medicine
N2  - Tip 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), karbonhidrat, yağ ve protein metabolizmasındaki anormalliklerle karakterize bir hastalıktır ve insülin salgılanması, insülin direnci veya her ikisinin birleşimi nedeniyle oluşur. Bu çalışma, tip 2 diyabetli bireylerin kullandıkları alternatif tedavi yöntemlerinin beslenme alışkanlıkları ve öz bakımlarına olan etkilerini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya tip 2 diyabet tanısı almış 48 birey katılmıştır. Diyabetin ortalama süresi 10,7 yıldır ve katılımcıların %58,7’si oral antidiyabetik ilaç kullanmaktadır. Katılımcıların %47,9’u daha önce Tamamlayıcı ve Alternatif Tıp (TAT) kullandığını ve %55’i ise ilaçların yan etkilerinden kurtulmak için TAT kullandığını belirtmiştir. Hastaların TAT tutum düzeyi ortalaması 32,3±8,1 ve öz bakım düzeyi ortalaması 71,9±13,4’tür. Öğün sayısı, diyabet süresi, açlık ve tokluk kan şekeri ile öz bakım düzeyleri arasında pozitif korelasyon bulunmuştur (p
CR  - American Association of Diabetes Educators. (2020). An effective model of diabetes care and education: revising the AADE7 Self-Care Behaviors®. The Diabetes Educator, 46(2), 139-160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721719894903
CR  - American Diabetes Association. (2020). Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes care, 33(Supplement_1), S62-S69. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-S002
CR  - Arslan, K. S. Ü. (2022). Investigation of the effects of complementary and alternative therapy usage on physical activity and self-care in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Holistic Nursing Practice, 36(2), 93-104. https://doi.org/10.1097/HNP.0000000000000499.
CR  - Astin, J. A. (1998). Why patients use alternative medicine: results of a national study. jama, 279(19), 1548-1553. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.19.1548.
CR  - Aydın, H., Deyneli, O., Yavuz, D., Tarçın, Ö., & Akalın, S. (2005). Does the frequency of the self-monitoring of blood glucose influence glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. Marmara Med J, 1, 13-16.
CR  - Bawadi, H., Abu-Jamous, D., & Tayyem, R. F. (2014). Evaluation of the dietary pattern of patients with type 2 diabetes in Northern Jordan: an inconvenient truth!. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 34, 134-138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-013-0149-8
CR  - Blahova, J., Martiniakova, M., Babikova, M., Kovacova, V., Mondockova, V., & Omelka, R. (2021). Pharmaceutical drugs and natural therapeutic products for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmaceuticals, 14(8), 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14080806
CR  - Candar, A., Demirci, H., Baran, A. K., & Akpınar, Y. (2018). The association between quality of life and complementary and alternative medicine use in patients with diabetes mellitus. Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 31, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.01.002
CR  - Ceylan, S., Azal, Ö., Taşlipinar, A., Türker, T., Açikel, C. H., & Gulec, M. (2009). Complementary and alternative medicine use among Turkish diabetes patients. Complementary therapies in medicine, 17(2), 78-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2008.07.003
CR  - Chang, H. Y., Wallis, M., & Tiralongo, E. (2007). Use of complementary and alternative medicine among people living with diabetes: literature review. Journal of advanced nursing, 58(4), 307-319. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04291.x
CR  - Chang, H. Y., Huang, Y. Y., Chung, C. J., & Liu, F. H. (2023). A comparative analysis of complementary therapies use among patients attending diabetic clinics in Taiwan: 2007 vs. 2023. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 23(1), 455. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-04299-9
CR  - Chatterjee, S., Khunti, K., & Davies, M. J. (2017). Type 2 diabetes. The lancet, 389(10085), 2239-2251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30058-2
CR  - Ching, S. M., Zakaria, Z. A., Paimin, F., & Jalalian, M. (2013). Complementary alternative medicine use among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the primary care setting: a cross-sectional study in Malaysia. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 13, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-148
CR  - Di Onofrio, V., Gallé, F., Di Dio, M. et al. Effects of nutrition motivational intervention in patients affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal study in Naples, South Italy. BMC Public Health 18, 1181 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6101-6
CR  - Erci, B. (2007). Attitudes towards holistic complementary and alternative medicine: a sample of healthy people in Turkey. Journal of clinical nursing, 16(4), 761-768. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01655.x
CR  - Evert, A. B., Dennison, M., Gardner, C. D., Garvey, W. T., Lau, K. H. K., MacLeod, J., ... & Yancy Jr, W. S. (2019). Nutrition therapy for adults with diabetes or prediabetes: a consensus report. Diabetes care, 42(5), 731. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci19-0014
CR  - Ghorat, F., Mosavat, S. H., Hadigheh, S., Kouhpayeh, S. A., Naghizadeh, M. M., Rashidi, A. A., & Hashempur, M. H. (2024). Prevalence of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use and Its Associated Factors among Iranian Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. Current Therapeutic Research, 100, 100746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100746
CR  - Hayran, M., & Hayran, M. (2018). Sağlık Araştırmaları İçin Temel İstatistik (2. Basım). Omega Araştırma, Organizasyon, Eğitim, Danışmanlık. Ankara.
CR  - Huang, L., Zhang, L., Jiang, S., Liang, B., Xu, N., Li, J., ... & Zhang, Z. (2022). Association of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak on the Diabetes Self-Management in Chinese Patients: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 1413-1422. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S35182
CR  - Hyland, M. E., Lewith, G. T., & Westoby, C. (2003). Developing a measure of attitudes: the holistic complementary and alternative medicine questionnaire. Complementary therapies in medicine, 11(1), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965-2299(02)00113-9
CR  - Jafari, A., Movahedzadeh, D., Barsalani, F. R., & Tehrani, H. (2021). Investigation of attitude, awareness, belief, and practice of complementary and alternative medicine among type 2 diabetic patients: a cross sectional study. Journal of diabetes & metabolic disorders, 20, 477-484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00769-4
CR  - Jamhuri, N., Shaari, S., Baharom, B., Rekamarudin, N., Ismail, S. H., Teo, C. S., ... & Samudi, A. N. M. (2024). Nutrition Status, Perspective and Usage of Traditional and Complementary Medicine among Cancer Patients in Malaysia: A Descriptive Study. International Journal of Food, 1(1), 120-130. https://doi.org/10.51200/ijf.v1i1.4815
CR  - Judith, O., Ijeoma, O., Ekere, K., Isaac, A., Christianah, I., Olubunmi, O., & Martins, E. (2016). Popularity and customer preferences for herbal medicines in Nigeria: a questionnaire based survey. Humanit Soc Sci Lett, 4(3), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.73/2016.4.3/73.3.69.76
CR  - Kahn, S. E., Cooper, M. E., & Del Prato, S. (2014). Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future. The Lancet, 383(9922), 1068-1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62154-6
CR  - Kara, K., & Çınar, S. (2011). Diyabet bakım profili ile metabolik kontrol değişkenleri arasındaki ilişki. Kafkas J Med Sci, 1(2), 57-63. https://doi.org/5505/kjms.2011.41736
CR  - Karakurt, P., & Kasikci, M. (2015). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Diabetes Self-Care Scale. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 35, 148-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-014-0252-5
CR  - Kasole, R., Martin, H. D., & Kimiywe, J. (2019). Traditional medicine and its role in the management of diabetes mellitus:“patients’ and herbalists’ perspectives”. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019(1), 2835691. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2835691
CR  - Kav, S., Yilmaz, A. A., Bulut, Y., & Dogan, N. (2017). Self-efficacy, depression and self-care activities of people with type 2 diabetes in Turkey. Collegian, 24(1), 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2015.09.005
CR  - Kevin A. Cradock, Gearóid ÓLaighin, Francis M. Finucane, Rhyann McKay, Leo R. Quinlan, Kathleen A. Martin Ginis, Heather L. Gainforth; Diet Behavior Change Techniques in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 1 December 2017; 40 (12): 1800–1810. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-0462
CR  - Küçükgüçlü, Ö., Kızılcı, S., Mert, H., Uğur, Ö., Besen, D. B., & Ünsal, E. (2012). Complementary and alternative medicine use among people with diabetes in Turkey. Western journal of nursing research, 34(7), 902-916. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945910387165
CR  - Lee, N. P., & Fisher Jr, W. P. (2005). Evaluation of the Diabetes Self-Care Scale. Journal of applied measurement, 6(4), 366-381.
CR  - Manya, K., Champion, B., & Dunning, T. (2012). The use of complementary and alternative medicine among people living with diabetes in Sydney. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 12, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-12-2
CR  - Meraya, A. M., Ahsan, W., Albratty, M., Alhazmi, H. A., & Najmi, A. (2022). Perception of individuals with diabetes about efficacy and safety of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2022(1), 2104056. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2104056
CR  - Naja, F., Mousa, D., Alameddine, M., Shoaib, H., Itani, L., & Mourad, Y. (2014). Prevalence and correlates of complementary and alternative medicine use among diabetic patients in Beirut, Lebanon: a cross-sectional study. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 14, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-185
CR  - Orhan, B., & Karabacak, B. G. (2016). Tip 2 diyabetlilerde diyabete ilişkin bilişsel ve sosyal faktörler ve metabolik kontrol parametreleri arasındaki ilişki. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 6(1), 1-8. . https://doi.org/10.5152/clinexphealthsci.2016.026
CR  - Özsa, M., Yaprak, M., Özcan, O., Kiriktir, E., & Turgut, F. (2017). Tip 2 diyabetli hastalarda elektrolit bozuklukları. Turk Neph Dial Transpl 2017; 26 (3): 285-289. . https://doi.org/10.5262/tndt.2017.1003.07
CR  - Özkan, İ., & İlaslan, E. (2023). Investigation of the relationship between the attitudes of patients with type 2 diabetes toward insulin therapy and complementary alternative medicine. Primary Care Diabetes, 17(5), 479-485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2023.06.008
CR  - Padhi, S., Nayak, A. K., & Behera, A. (2020). Type II diabetes mellitus: a review on recent drug based therapeutics. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 131, 110708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110708
CR  - Pınar, N., Topaloğlu, M., Özsan, M., Özer, C., & Alp, H. (2017). Hatay ilinde üniversite hastanesi endokrin polikliniğine başvuran diyabet hastalarının bitkisel ürün kullanımı. Konuralp Medical Journal, 9(3), 202-206. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.286312
CR  - Polat, Ü., & Kaynak, İ. (2017). Diabetes mellituslu hastaların tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tedavileri kullanma durumları ve diyabet tutumları ile ilişkisi. Genel Tıp Dergisi, 27(2), 56-64. . https://doi.org/10.15321/GenelTipDer.2017.143
CR  - Radwan, H., Hasan, H., Hamadeh, R., Hashim, M., AbdulWahid, Z., Hassanzadeh Gerashi, M., ... & Naja, F. (2020). Complementary and alternative medicine use among patients with type 2 diabetes living in the United Arab Emirates. BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 20, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-03011-5
CR  - Rafi, M. A., Azad, D. T., Bhattacharjee, M., Rahman, N., Mubin, K. A., Rahman, M. A., & Hossain, M. G. (2020). A hospital-based study on complementary and alternative medicine use among diabetes patients in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 20, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-03021-3
CR  - Samuel, V. T., & Shulman, G. I. (2016). The pathogenesis of insulin resistance: integrating signaling pathways and substrate flux. The Journal of clinical investigation, 126(1), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI77812
CR  - Sari, Y., Anam, A., Sumeru, A., & Sutrisna, E. (2021). The knowledge, attitude, practice and predictors of complementary and alternative medicine use among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Indonesia. Journal of integrative medicine, 19(4), 347-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2021.04.001
CR  - Thewjitcharoen, Y., Chotwanvirat, P., Jantawan, A., Siwasaranond, N., Saetung, S., Nimitphong, H., ... & Reutrakul, S. (2018). Evaluation of dietary intakes and nutritional knowledge in Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of diabetes research, 2018(1), 9152910. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9152910
CR  - Tuomi, T., Santoro, N., Caprio, S., Cai, M., Weng, J., & Groop, L. (2014). The many faces of diabetes: a disease with increasing heterogeneity. The Lancet, 383(9922), 1084-1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(13)62219-9
CR  - Vishnu, N., Mini, G. K., & Thankappan, K. R. (2017). Complementary and alternative medicine use by diabetes patients in Kerala, India. Global health, epidemiology and genomics, 2, e6. https://doi.org/10.1017/gheg.2017.6
CR  - Yıldırım, D. İ., & Marakoğlu, K. (2018). Complementary and alternative medicine use amongst Turkish type 2 diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study. Complementary therapies in medicine, 41, 41-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2018.08.008
CR  - World Health Organization. (2019). WHO global report on traditional and complementary medicine 2019. World Health Organization.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.56061/fbujohs.1611962
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4486877
ER  -