TY  - JOUR
T1  - Carbon Nano-Onions in Biological Applications: Recent Progress and Future Directions
TT  - Biyolojik Uygulamalarda Karbon Nano-Onionlar: Güncel Gelişmeler ve Gelecek Perspektifleri
AU  - Soylukan, Caner
AU  - Karaduman Yesıldal, Tugce
AU  - Akyüz, Lalehan
PY  - 2025
DA  - June
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.29002/asujse.1618704
JF  - Aksaray University Journal of Science and Engineering
JO  - Aksaray J. Sci. Eng.
PB  - Aksaray University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2587-1277
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
LA  - en
AB  - Carbon nano-onions (CNOs), together with graphene and its derivatives, are one of the most interesting carbon nanostructures due to their peculiar chemical and physical properties. Made of a number of concentric fullerene layers, carbon-based structures have a peculiar design and assume the appearance of onion-like cages. Due to their excellent biocompatibility and safety, CNOs have low toxicity, high water dispersibility (due to surface functionalization), and high pharmacological efficacy. These properties render them highly appealing for applications such as drug delivery, sensing, imaging, tissue engineering, and therapeutic agents. While CNOs were discovered almost at the same time as other carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), their potential in biological applications remains largely unexplored. On the other hand, similar to other CNMs and fullerenes, CNOs play a crucial role as they represent carbon's ability to form diverse nanostructures with exceptional properties. This review aims to summarize recent studies on CNOs for biological applications, underlining the current achievements, possible opportunities, and challenges toward future development.
KW  - Carbon Nano-Onions (CNOs)
KW  - Biological Applications
KW  - Biocompatibility
KW  - Drug Delivery and Sensing
KW  - Nanostructure
N2  - Karbon nano-soğanlar (CNO'lar), grafen ve türevleriyle birlikte, benzersiz kimyasal ve fiziksel özellikleri nedeniyle en ilgi çekici karbon nanoyapılarından biridir. Bir dizi konsantrik fuleren katmanından oluşan bu karbon bazlı yapılar, soğan benzeri kafesler şeklinde tasarlanmıştır. Yüksek biyouyumlulukları ve güvenlikleri sayesinde CNO'lar, düşük toksisite, yüzey fonksiyonelleştirme ile sağlanan iyi su dağılabilirliği ve yüksek farmakolojik etkinlik gibi özelliklere sahiptir. Bu özellikler, onları ilaç taşıma, algılama, görüntüleme, doku mühendisliği ve terapötik ajanlar gibi uygulamalar için son derece cazip kılmaktadır. CNO'lar, diğer karbon nanomalzemelerle (CNM'ler) hemen hemen aynı dönemde keşfedilmiş olmasına rağmen, biyolojik uygulamalardaki potansiyelleri büyük ölçüde keşfedilmemiştir. Öte yandan, diğer CNM'ler ve fulerenler gibi, CNO'lar da karbonun olağanüstü özelliklere sahip çeşitli nanoyapılar oluşturma yeteneğini temsil ettikleri için önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu derleme, CNO'ların biyolojik uygulamalarına yönelik son çalışmaları özetlemeyi, mevcut başarıları, olası fırsatları ve gelecekteki gelişmelere yönelik zorlukları vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır.
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UR  - https://doi.org/10.29002/asujse.1618704
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4515983
ER  -