TY  - JOUR
T1  - Değersizlik temel inancı ve öz eleştirel ruminasyon ilişkisinde narsisistik ve borderline kişilik bozukluğu eğilimlerinin aracı rolü
TT  - The mediating role of narcissistic and borderline personality disorder tendencies in the relationship between core beliefs of worthlessness and self-critical rumination
AU  - Çömlekçi Korkmaz, Kübra Nur
AU  - Kumova, Filiz
PY  - 2026
DA  - January
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.57127/kpd.26024438.1620355
JF  - Journal of Clinical Psychology Research
JO  - JCPR
PB  - Klinik Psikoloji Araştırmaları Derneği
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2602-4438
SP  - 26
EP  - 40
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
LA  - tr
AB  - Yeni bir kavram olan öz eleştirel ruminasyon, zihinde tekrarlayan olumsuz öz eleştirel süreçleri içermektedir ve sınırlı sayıda çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Çalışmanın amacı, değersizlik negatif temel inancı ile öz eleştirel ruminasyon arasındaki ilişkide narsisistik ve borderline kişilik bozukluğu eğilimlerinin aracı rolünü incelemektir. Çalışma 18 yaş ve üstü, 498 kadın (%83,4), 97 erkek (%16,2) ve diğer seçeneğini işaretleyen 2 katılımcıdan (%0,03) oluşan 597 kişilik bir katılımcı grubu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada demografik bilgi formu, Öz eleştirel Ruminasyon Ölçeği, Olumsuz Çekirdek İnanışlar Ölçeği ve Coolidge Eksen II Plus Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Narsisistik ve borderline kişilik bozukluğu eğilimlerinin öz eleştirel ruminasyon ve değersizlik negatif temel inancı arasındaki ilişkide aracılık rollerini incelemek için SPSS Process makrosu kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, değersizlik negatif temel inancı, narsisistik ve borderline kişilik bozukluğu eğilimlerinin öz eleştirel ruminasyonu pozitif yönde yordadığı; değersizlik negatif temel inancı ile öz eleştirel ruminasyon arasındaki ilişkide hem narsisistik hem de borderline kişilik bozukluğu eğilimlerinin aracılık rolü olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, psikoterapi sürecini ve sonuçlarını son derece olumsuz etkileyen öz eleştirel ruminasyon ile çalışırken değersizlik negatif temel inancı, narsisistik ve borderline kişilik bozukluğu eğilimleri ile de çalışmanın gerekliliği ortaya çıkmaktadır.
KW  - değersizlik temel inancı
KW  - öz eleştirel ruminasyon
KW  - narsisistik kişilik bozukluğu
KW  - borderline kişilik bozukluğu
N2  - As a new concept, self-critical rumination involves repetitive negative self-critical mind processes and has been explored by a limited number of studies. The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of narcissistic and borderline personality disorder tendencies in the relationship between negative core belief of worthlessness and self-critical rumination. The study was conducted with 597 participants aged 18 years and over, consisting of 498 females (83.4%), 97 males (16.2%), and 2 participants (0.03%) who chose the other option. Demographic Information Form, Self-Critical Rumination Scale, Negative Core Beliefs Scale, and Coolidge Axis II Plus Inventory were used in the study. SPSS Process Macro was used to examine the mediating roles of personality disorder tendencies in the relationship between core belief of worthlessness and self-critical rumination. The results yielded core belief of worthlessness, narcissistic, and borderline personality disorder tendencies were all positive predictors of self-critical rumination. Furthermore, the results revealed that both narcissistic and borderline personality tendencies significantly mediated the relationship between core belief of worthlessness and self-critical rumination. Regarding the results of the present study, it seemed necessary to work with the core belief of worthlessness and narcissistic and borderline personality disorder tendencies as well while working through self-critical rumination in psychotherapies as it is a critical burden for both the psychotherapeutic process and the outcomes.
CR  - Allaert, J., De Raedt, R., Sanchez-Lopez, A., September, H. ve Vanderhasselt, M. A. (2023). Reduced attention towards accomplishments mediates the effect of self-critical rumination on regret. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 47(3), 399-411.
CR  - Amerio, A., Natale, A., Gnecco, G. B., Lechiara, A., Verrina, E., Bianchi, D., ... veAguglia, A. (2023). The role of gender in patients with borderline personality disorder: Differences related to hopelessness, alexithymia, coping strategies, and sensory profile. Medicina, 59(5), 950.
CR  - Arora, A., Gupta, A. ve Sidana, A. (2025). Negative beliefs in emerging adults with childhood trauma experiences. Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry, 41(3), 262-268.
CR  - Banzhaf, A., Ritter, K., Merkl, A., Schulte-Herbrüggen, O., Lammers, C. H. ve Roepke, S. (2012). Gender differences in a clinical sample of patients with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26(3), 368-380.
CR  - Beck, A. T. (1964). Thinking and depression: II. Theory and therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 10, 561–571.
Beck, A. T. ve Alford, B. A. (2009). Depression: Causes and treatment. University of Pennsylvania Press.
CR  - Beck, A.T., Freeman, A., Davis, D.D. (2004). Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders (1st ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
CR  - Beck, J. S. (2005). Cognitive therapy for challenging problems: What to do when the basics don’t work. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
CR  - Beck, J. S. (2020). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond. Guilford Publications.
CR  - Bhola, P. ve Mehrotra, K. (2021). Associations between countertransference reactions towards patients with borderline personality disorder and therapist experience levels and mentalization ability. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 43(2), 116-125.
CR  - Bırni, G., Erus, S. M., Satıcı, S. A. ve Deniz, M. E. (2025). Psychological flexibility and self-critical rumination: A serial mediation between adverse childhood experiences and mental well-being in adulthood. Personality and Individual Differences, 232, 112861.
CR  - Bjorklund, P. (2006). No man's land: Gender bias and social constructivism in the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 27(1), 3-23.
CR  - Blatt, S. J. ve Luyten, P. (2009). A structural–developmental psychodynamic approach to psychopathology: Two polarities of experience across the life span. Development and Psychopathology, 21(3), 793-814.
CR  - Blum, N., Franklin, J., Hansel, R., McCormick, B., St. John, D., Pfohl, B., ... ve Black, D. W. (2008). Relationship of age to symptom severity, psychiatric comorbidity and health care utilization in persons with borderline personality disorder. Personality and Mental Health, 2(1), 25-34.
CR  - Bosson, J. K., Lakey, C. E., Campbell, W. K., Zeigler‐Hill, V., Jordan, C. H. ve Kernis, M. H. (2008). Untangling the links between narcissism and self‐esteem: A theoretical and empirical review. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(3), 1415-1439.
CR  - Coolidge, F. L. (2006). The Coolidge Axis II inventory Plus-Revised: Manual. Colorado Springs.
CR  - De Oliveira, I. R., Hemmany, C., Powell, V. B., Bonfim, T. D., Duran, É. P., Novais, N., ... ve Cesnik, J. A. (2012). Trial-based psychotherapy and the efficacy of trial-based thought record in changing unhelpful core beliefs and reducing self-criticism. CNS Spectrums, 17(1), 16-23.
CR  - Di Bartolomeo, A. A., Siegel, A., Fulham, L. ve Fitzpatrick, S. (2024). Borderline personality disorder and social connectedness: A systematic review. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 15(4), 213-225.
CR  - Donald, F., Duff, C., Lawrence, K., Broadbear, J. ve Rao, S. (2017). Clinician perspectives on recovery and borderline personality disorder. The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice, 12(3), 199-209.
CR  - Donald, F., Lawrence, K. A., Broadbear, J. H. ve Rao, S. (2019). An exploration of self-compassion and self-criticism in the context of personal recovery from borderline personality disorder. Australasian Psychiatry, 27(1), 56-59.
CR  - Dunkley, D. M. ve Grilo, C. M. (2007). Self-criticism, low self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and over-evaluation of shape and weight in binge eating disorder patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(1), 139-149.
CR  - Faraji, H. (2024). Investigation of the relationship between borderline personality organization and perceived abuse experiences in romantic relationships: Moderating role of rejection sensitivity. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, 7(3), 259-263.
CR  - Fearn, M., Marino, C., Spada, M. M. ve Kolubinski, D. C. (2022). Self-critical rumination and associated metacognitions as mediators of the relationship between perfectionism and self-esteem. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 40(1), 155-174.
CR  - Fedewa, B. A., Burns, L. R. ve Gomez, A. A. (2005). Positive and negative perfectionism and the shame/guilt distinction: Adaptive and maladaptive characteristics. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(7), 1609-1619.
CR  - Fertuck, E. A., Karan, E. ve Stanley, B. (2016). The specificity of mental pain in borderline personality disorder compared to depressive disorders and healthy controls. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 3(2), 1-8.
CR  - Finzi-Dottan, R. ve Karu, T. (2006). From emotional abuse in childhood to psychopathology in adulthood: A path mediated by immature defense mechanisms and self-esteem. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194(8), 616-621.
CR  - Flett, G. L., Besser, A. ve Hewitt, P. L. (2014). Perfectionism and interpersonal orientations in depression: An analysis of validation seeking and rejection sensitivity in a community sample of young adults. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 77(1), 67–85.
CR  - Foster, J. D., Campbell, W. K. ve Twenge, J. M. (2003). Individual differences in narcissism: Inflated self-views across the lifespan and around the world. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(6), 469-486.
CR  - Fritz, M. S. ve MacKinnon, D. P. (2007). Required sample size to detect the mediated effect. Psychological Science, 18(3), 233-239.
CR  - Gad, M., Pucker, H., Hein, K., Temes, C., Frankenburg, F., Fitzmaurice, G., … ve Zanarini, M. (2019). Facets of identity disturbance reported by patients with borderline personality disorder and personality-disordered comparison subjects over 20 years of prospective follow-up. Psychiatry Research, 271, 76-82.
CR  - Gilbert P., Clarke M., Hempel S., Miles N. V., Irons C. (2004). Forms and functions of self-criticisms and self-attacking: An exploration of differences in female students. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 31–50.
CR  - Gilbert, P. (2010). An introduction to compassion focused therapy in cognitive behavior therapy. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 3(2), 97-112.
CR  - Gilbert, P. ve Procter, S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self‐criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 13(6), 353-379.
CR  - Green, A., MacLean, R. ve Charles, K. (2020). Unmasking gender differences in narcissism within intimate partner violence. Personality and Individual Differences, 167, 110247.
CR  - Grijalva, E., Newman, D. A., Tay, L., Donnellan, M. B., Harms, P. D., Robins, R. W. ve Yan, T. (2015). Gender differences in narcissism: a meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 141(2), 261-310.
CR  - Harman, R. ve Lee, D. (2010). The role of shame and self‐critical thinking in the development and maintenance of current threat in post‐traumatic stress disorder. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 17(1), 13-24.
CR  - Hewitt, P. L., Habke, A. M., Lee-Baggley, D. L., Sherry, S. B. ve Flett, G. L. (2008). The impact of perfectionistic self-presentation on the cognitive, affective, and physiological experience of a clinical interview. Psychiatry, 71(2), 93-122.
CR  - Hochschild Tolpin, L., Cimbolic Gunthert, K., Cohen, L. H. ve O'Neill, S. C. (2004). Borderline personality features and instability of daily negative affect and self‐esteem. Journal of Personality, 72(1), 111-138.
CR  - Hooberman, J., Rosenfeld, B., Rasmussen, A. ve Keller, A. (2010). Resilience in trauma‐exposed refugees: The moderating effect of coping style on resilience variables. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80(4), 557-563.
CR  - Hooley, J. M. ve St. Germain, S. A. (2014). Nonsuicidal self-injury, pain, and self-criticism: Does changing self-worth change pain endurance in people who engage in self-injury? Clinical Psychological Science, 2(3), 297-305.
CR  - Hooley, J. M., Ho, D. T., Slater, J. ve Lockshin, A. (2010). Pain perception and nonsuicidal self-injury: A laboratory investigation. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 1(3), 170-179.
CR  - Horvath, S. ve Morf, C. C. (2009). Narcissistic defensiveness: Hypervigilance and avoidance of worthlessness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(6), 1252-1258.
CR  - James, K., Verplanken, B. ve Rimes, K. A. (2015). Self-criticism as a mediator in the relationship between unhealthy perfectionism and distress. Personality and Individual Differences, 79, 123-128.
CR  - Joeng, J. R. ve Turner, S. L. (2015). Mediators between self-criticism and depression: Fear of compassion, self-compassion, and importance to others. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62(3), 453-463.
CR  - Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Kasen, S., Skodol, A. E., Hamagami, F. ve Brook, J. S. (2000). Age-related change in personality disorder trait levels between early adolescence and adulthood: A community-based longitudinal investigation. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 102(4), 265–275.
CR  - Jørgensen, C. R. ve Bøye, R. (2024). “I am ashamed that I exist. I feel like apologizing for existing”: The phenomenology of shame in patients with borderline personality disorder: A qualitative study. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 15(3), 181-192.
CR  - Kernberg, O. F. (1975). Factors in the psychoanalytic treatment of narcissistic personalities. A. P. Morrison (Ed.), Essential Papers on Narcissism (s. 213–244) içinde. New York University Press.
CR  - Klonsky, E. D., Jane, J. S., Turkheimer, E. ve Oltmanns, T. F. (2002). Gender role and personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 16(5), 464-476.
CR  - Kohut, H. (1971). The analysis of the self: A systematic approach to the psychoanalytic treatment of narcissistic personality disorders. International Universities Press.
CR  - Koivisto, M., Melartin, T. ve Lindeman, S. (2022). Self-invalidation in borderline personality disorder: A content analysis of patients’ verbalizations. Psychotherapy Research, 32(7), 922-935.
CR  - Kolubinski, D. C., Nikčević, A. V. ve Spada, M. M. (2021). The effect of state and trait self-critical rumination on acute distress: An exploratory experimental investigation. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 39, 306-321.
CR  - Kolubinski, D. C., Nikčević, A. V., Lawrence, J. A. ve Spada, M. M. (2016). The role of metacognition in self-critical rumination: An investigation in individuals presenting with low self-esteem. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 34, 73-85.
CR  - Kopala-Sibley, D. C., Zuroff, D. C., Russell, J. J., Moskowitz, D. S. ve Paris, J. (2012). Understanding heterogeneity in borderline personality disorder: differences in affective reactivity explained by the traits of dependency and self-criticism. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(3), 680-692.
CR  - Kramer, U., Pascual‐Leone, A., Rohde, K. B. ve Sachse, R. (2018). The role of shame and self‐compassion in psychotherapy for narcissistic personality disorder: An exploratory study. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 25(2), 272-282.
CR  - Kraus, G. ve Reynolds, D. J. (2001). The “abc's” of the cluster b's: Identifying, understanding, and treating cluster b personality disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(3), 345-373.
CR  - Lavallee, K. L. ve Parker, J. G. (2009). The role of inflexible friendship beliefs, rumination, and low self-worth in early adolescents’ friendship jealousy and adjustment. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 873-885.
CR  - Lazarus, G. ve Shahar, B. (2018). The role of shame and self-criticism in social anxiety: A daily-diary study in a nonclinical sample. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 37(2), 107-127.
CR  - Loew, C. A., Schauenburg, H. ve Dinger, U. (2020). Self-criticism and psychotherapy outcome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 75, 101808.
CR  - Luyten, P. ve Blatt, S. J. (2013). Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition in normal and disrupted personality development: retrospect and prospect. American Psychologist, 68(3), 172-183.
CR  - Martinez-Sanchis, M., Navarrete, J., Cebolla, A., Molinari, G., Vara, M. D., Banos, R. M. ve Herrero, R. (2021). Exploring the mediator role of self-critical rumination between emotion regulation and psychopathology: A validation study of the Self-Critical Rumination Scale (SCRS) in a Spanish speaking sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 183, 111-115.
CR  - Milia, C., Kolubinski, D. C. ve Spada, M. M. (2021). The effects of self-critical rumination on shame and stress: An experimental study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 49(3), 272-286.
CR  - Millings, A. and Carnelley, K. (2015). Core belief content examined in a large sample of patients using online cognitive behaviour therapy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 186, 275-283.
CR  - Ntshingila, N., Poggenpoel, M., Myburgh, C. P. H. ve Temane, A. (2016). Experiences of women living with borderline personality disorder. Health Sa Gesondheid, 21, 110-119.
CR  - Osmo, F., Duran, V., Wenzel, A., Oliveira, I., Nepomuceno, S., Madeira, M., … ve Menezes, I. (2018). The negative core beliefs inventory: Development and psychometric properties. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 32(1), 67-84.
CR  - Ouimette, P., Klein, D., Anderson, R., Riso, L. ve Lizardi, H. (1994). Relationship of sociotropy/autonomy and dependency/self-criticism to DSM III-R personality disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(4), 743-749.
CR  - Pol, S. M., de Jong, A., Trompetter, H., Bohlmeijer, E. T. ve Chakhssi, F. (2024). Effectiveness of compassion‐focused therapy for self‐criticism in patients with personality disorders: A multiple baseline case series study. Personality and Mental Health, 18(1), 69-79.
CR  - Ronningstam, E. (2010). Narcissistic personality disorder: A current review. Current Psychiatry Reports, 12, 68-75.
CR  - Ronningstam, E. (2011). Narcissistic personality disorder: A clinical perspective. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 17(2), 89-99.
CR  - Rudich, Z., Lerman, S. F., Gurevich, B., Weksler, N. ve Shahar, G. (2008). Patients’ self-criticism is a stronger predictor of physician’s evaluation of prognosis than pain diagnosis or severity in chronic pain patients. The Journal of Pain, 9(3), 210-216.
CR  - Rusk, N. ve Rothbaum, F. (2010). From stress to learning: Attachment theory meets achievement goal theory. Review of General Psychology, 14, 31–43.
CR  - Salman Akhtar, M. D. ve Thomson Jr, J. A. (1982). Overview: Narcissistic personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 139(1), 12-20.
CR  - Shahar, G. (2015). Erosion: The psychopathology of self-criticism. Oxford University Press, USA.
CR  - Sieswerda, S., Arntz, A. ve Wolfis, M. (2005). Evaluations of emotional noninterpersonal situations by patients with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 36(3), 209-225.
CR  - Silberschmidt, A., Lee, S., Zanarini, M. ve Schulz, S. C. (2015). Gender differences in borderline personality disorder: Results from a multinational, clinical trial sample. Journal of Personality Disorders, 29(6), 828-838.
CR  - Smart, L. M., Peters, J. R. ve Baer, R. A. (2016). Development and validation of a measure of self-critical rumination. Assessment, 23(3), 321-332.
CR  - Stepp, S. D. ve Pilkonis, P. A. (2008). Age-related differences in individual DSM criteria for borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 22(4), 427-432.
CR  - Stepp, S. D., Keenan, K., Hipwell, A. E. ve Krueger, R. F. (2014). The impact of childhood temperament on the development of borderline personality disorder symptoms over the course of adolescence. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 1, 1-10.
CR  - Stinckens, N., Lietaer, G. ve Leijssen, M. (2002). The inner critic on the move: Analysis of the change process in a case of short‐term client‐centered/experiential therapy. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 2(1), 40-54.
CR  - Vansteelandt, K., Houben, M., Claes, L., Berens, A., Sleuwaegen, E. ve Kuppens, P. (2020). Self-criticism and dependency predict affective variability in borderline personality disorder: An ecological momentary assessment study. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 11(4), 270-279.
CR  - Vater, A., Schröder-Abé, M., Weißgerber, S., Roepke, S. ve Schütz, A. (2015). Self-concept structure and borderline personality disorder: Evidence for negative compartmentalization. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 46, 50-58.
CR  - Veilleux, J. C., Clift, J. B., Brott, K. H., Warner, E. A., Schreiber, R. E., Henderson, H. M. ve Shelton, D. K. (2024). “I’m so dumb and worthless right now”: Factors associated with heightened momentary self-criticism in daily life. Cognition and Emotion, 38(4), 1-16.
CR  - Wakelin, K. E., Perman, G. ve Simonds, L. M. (2022). Effectiveness of self‐compassion‐related interventions for reducing self‐criticism: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 29(1), 1-25.
CR  - Warren, R. (2015). Emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder: The role of self‐criticism, shame, and self‐compassion. Personality and Mental Health, 9, 84-86.
CR  - Warren, R., Smeets, E. ve Neff, K. (2016). Self-criticism and self-compassion: Risk and resilience: Being compassionate to oneself is associated with emotional resilience and psychological well-being. Current Psychiatry, 15(12), 18-28.
CR  - Weidmann, R., Chopik, W. J., Ackerman, R. A., Allroggen, M., Bianchi, E. C., Brecheen, C., ... ve Back, M. D. (2023). Age and gender differences in narcissism: A comprehensive study across eight measures and over 250,000 participants. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 124(6), 1277-1298.
CR  - Wenzel, A. (2012). Modification of core beliefs in cognitive therapy. Standard and İnnovative Strategies in Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 17-34.
CR  - Wetzel, E., Robins, R. W., Grijalva, E. ve Roberts, B. W. (2020). You‘re still so vain: Changes in narcissism from young adulthood to middle age. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119, 479–496.
CR  - Whelton, W. J. ve Greenberg, L. S. (2005). Emotion in self-criticism. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(7), 1583-1595.
CR  - Widiger, T. A. ve Weissman, M. M. (1991). Epidemiology of borderline personality disorder. Psychiatric Services, 42(10), 1015-1021.
CR  - Young, JE (1994) Cognitive Therapy for Personality Disorders: A Schema-focused Approach (2nd ed.). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.
CR  - Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Reich, D. B., Silk, K. R., Hudson, J. I. ve McSweeney, L. B. (2007). The subsyndromal phenomenology of borderline personality disorder: A 10-year follow-up study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(6), 929-935.
CR  - Zeigler-Hill, V. ve Besser, A. (2013). A glimpse behind the mask: Facets of narcissism and feelings of self-worth. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95(3), 249-260.
CR  - Zlotnick, C., Rothschild, L. ve Zimmerman, M. (2002). The role of gender in the clinical presentation of patients with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 16(3), 277-282.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438.1620355
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4523019
ER  -