TY - JOUR T1 - A case study on deformation analysis of an open-pit mine using UAV photogrammetry AU - Akçay, Özgün AU - Ünlü, Mehmet PY - 2025 DA - June Y2 - 2025 DO - 10.53093/mephoj.1628236 JF - Mersin Photogrammetry Journal JO - MEPHOJ PB - Mersin University WT - DergiPark SN - 2687-654X SP - 9 EP - 21 VL - 7 IS - 1 LA - en AB - Innovative technologies, particularly photogrammetry and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), significantly enhance efficiency and ensure security across various domains. In open-pit mines, which are the focus of this article, continuous monitoring of the ground surface and accurate detection of deformations are crucial for operational efficiency and occupational safety. This study examines the open-pit mine near the village of Çomaklı in the Çan district of Çanakkale province, exploring the general definition of deformation analysis and measurements using the UAV-based photogrammetric method. It discusses applying deformation analysis in mining and using UAVs in deformation studies with technological advancements. It also provides detailed information about the methodology and data collected. Aerial photographs of the mine site were captured to analyze deformation over time. A 3D surface model of the terrain was generated using the Pix4D Mapper software, enabling the assessment of volume changes in a specified working area within the stripping zone and identifying these changes through cross-sections. The results demonstrated that UAV-based photogrammetry could accurately detect volumetric changes, achieving a vertical root mean square error of approximately 8 mm and an accuracy of about 99.10% in volume estimation. KW - UAV Photogrammetry KW - Open-pit mining KW - Deformation Analysis KW - 3D Modeling KW - Deformation monitoring CR - Shahmoradi, J., Talebi, E., Roghanchi, P., & Hassanalian, M. (2020). A Comprehensive review of applications of drone technology in the mining industry. Drones, 4(3), 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones4030034 CR - Kanun, E., Alptekin, A., Karataş, L., & Yakar, M. (2022). The use of UAV photogrammetry in modeling ancient structures: A case study of “Kanytellis”. Advanced UAV, 2(2), 41-50. CR - Senkal E, Kaplan G & Avdan U (2021). Accuracy assessment of digital surface models from unmanned aerial vehicles’ imagery on archaeological sites. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 6(2), 81-89 CR - İlhan, S., & Aydar, U. (2023). İHA görüntülerinden yararlanarak taşkın analizinin yapılması: Çan (Kocabaş) Çayı örneği. Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, 5(1), 27-36. https://doi.org/10.51534/tiha.1220290 CR - Pırtı, A, Özdemir, H, Hoşbaş, R. (2020) Madencilik çalışmalarında sismik veri toplama ve ölçme tekniklerinin kullanılabilirliğinin analizi. Geomatik, 5(3), 160-171, DOI: 10.29128/geomatik.614862 CR - Muammer Seki , İbrahim Tiryakioğlu , Murat Uysal , (2017). Farklı veri toplama yöntemleriyle yapılan hacim hesaplarının karşılaştırılması. Geomatik, 2(2), 2017, 106 - 111, https://doi.org/10.29128/geomatik.322901 CR - Gül, Y. (2019). Açık maden işletmelerinde İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) uygulamaları. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 62(1), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.519506 CR - Şahin, V., & Yılmaz, H. M. (2021). Hacim hesaplarında İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) verilerinin kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması. Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, 3(2), 36-48. https://doi.org/10.51534/tiha.955271 CR - Kun, M., & Özcan, B. (2019). Maden ocaklarında insansız hava aracı kullanımı: örnek bir saha çalışması. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 554-564. https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.624484 CR - Unal, M., Yakar, M., & Yildiz, F. (2004, July). Discontinuity surface roughness measurement techniques and the evaluation of digital photogrammetric method. In Proceedings of the 20th international congress for photogrammetry and remote sensing, ISPRS (Vol. 1103, p. 1108). CR - Sarı, H. (2022). İnsanız Hava Aracı (Drone) ile erozyon alanlarının tespiti: Trakya Yarımadası örneği. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1), 70-79. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.892105 CR - Villi, O., and M. Yakar. 2024. “Sensor Technologies in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Types and Applications.” Advanced UAV 4 (1): 1–18 CR - Şasi, A., & Yakar, M. (2017). Photogrammetric modelling of sakahane masjid using an unmanned aerial vehicle. Turkish Journal of Engineering, 1(2), 82-87. CR - Yakar, M., & Doğan, Y. (2017). Mersin Silifke Mezgit Kale Anıt Mezarı fotogrametrik rölöve alımı ve üç boyutlu modelleme çalışması. Geomatik, 2(1), 11-17. CR - Kanun, E., Alptekin, A., Karataş, L., & Yakar, M. (2022). The use of UAV photogrammetry in modeling ancient structures: A case study of “Kanytellis”. Advanced UAV, 2(2), 41-50. CR - Raeva, P. L., Filipova, S. L., and Filipov, D. G.: Volume computation of a stockpile – A study case comparing GPS and UAV measurements in an open pit quarry, Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLI-B1, 999–1004, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B1-999-2016, 2016. CR - Deliry, S. I., & Avdan, U. (2024). Accuracy assessment of UAS photogrammetry and structure from motion in surveying and mapping. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 9 (2), 165- 190 CR - Öztürk, O., Bilgilioğlu, B. B., Çelik, M. F., Bilgilioğlu, S. S., & Raşit, U. L. U. Ğ. (2017). İnsanız Hava Aracı (İHA) görüntüleri ile ortofoto üretiminde yükseklik ve kamera açısının doğruluğa etkisinin araştırılması. Geomatik, 2(3), 135-142. CR - Maraş, E. E., & Nasery, M. N. (2023). Investigating the length, area and volume measurement accuracy of UAV-Based oblique photogrammetry models produced with and without ground control points. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 8(1), 32-51 UR - https://doi.org/10.53093/mephoj.1628236 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4557802 ER -