TY  - JOUR
T1  - Dosage forms and sales of sports supplements: safety, health, and legal considerations
AU  - Khanmoradi, Saeed
PY  - 2025
DA  - August
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.20518/tjph.1629268
JF  - Turkish Journal of Public Health
JO  - TJPH
PB  - Halk Sağlığı Uzmanları Derneği
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 1304-1088
SP  - 227
EP  - 232
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
LA  - en
AB  - Objective: Regular physical activity is recognized as one of the key factors in improving public health. Athletes turn to sportssupplements to enhance their athletic performance, and these supplements can have positive effects on the quality of their sportsperformance. However, supplements may be associated with safety and health risks, which require further investigation. Therefore,the aim of this research is to examine the impact of dosage forms on the sales of sports supplements to provide legal, health, and safetyconsiderations.Methods: The research data comprised 993 sports supplement products produced by Iranian pharmaceutical companies in 2023,collected from Iran’s Syndicate of Dietary Supplements Manufacturers website. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) andinferential statistics (Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test) were used with the help oSf PSS software to analyze the data.Results: Tablets were significantly more distributed than powders (p<0.001), but less than solutions (p = p<0.001) and sachets (p=0.03).No significant difference was found between tablets and capsules (p=0.66). Solutions were preferred over powders (p<0.001) andcapsules (p=0.003). Capsules outperformed powders (p<0.001), while sachets exceeded powders (p=0.002). No significant differencewas observed between solutions and sachets (p=0.378), and a weak significance was found between capsules and sachets (p=0.05).Conclusion: Regulatory and educational measures, legal considerations, and dosage differences in sports supplements can improveconsumer health, foster trust, and ensure sustainable success for sports supplement manufacturers. The identified risks stem from theingredients, inconsistent regulations, adulteration, side effects, and overconsumption. Manufacturing companies can address theserisks by using methods such as labelling, commitment to quality, obtaining certifications, complying with regulations, and conductingrigorous testing.
KW  - Supplement
KW  - Dosage forms
KW  - Safety
KW  - Health
KW  - Sales performance
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UR  - https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.1629268
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4562274
ER  -