TY - JOUR T1 - COMPARISON OF DISCOMFORT IN THE PALATAL DONOR AREA AFTER FREE GINGIVAL GRAFT WITH THREE DIFFERENT PAIN SCALES TT - Serbest Dişeti Grefti Sonrası Palatal Donör Bölgedeki Rahatsızlığın Üç Farklı Ağrı Skalasıyla Karşılaştırılması AU - Uslu, Mustafa Özay AU - Kiziltoprak, Mehmet PY - 2025 DA - October Y2 - 2025 DO - 10.33715/inonusaglik.1641365 JF - İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi JO - JHVS PB - Inonu University WT - DergiPark SN - 2147-7892 SP - 843 EP - 853 VL - 13 IS - 3 LA - en AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the pain experienced by patients after free gingival graft (FGG) surgery using three different pain scales – the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and the Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) – and to compare the effectiveness of these scales in pain assessment. Thirty-six individuals aged between 18 and 53 years, comprising 27 females (75%) and 9 males (25%), were included in the study. A single researcher assessed the pain of the participants using the different scales on the 3rd day, 7th day, 14th day, and the 1st month after FGG surgery. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 (IBM SPSS, Turkey). Positive, high-level, and statistically significant correlations were observed among the three scales (p KW - Free Gingival Graft KW - Numeric Rating Scale KW - Pain assessment KW - Verbal Rating Scale N2 - Bu çalışma, serbest dişeti grefti (SDG) ameliyatı sonrası hastaların yaşadığı ağrının, görsel analog ölçek (VAS), sayısal ağrı ölçeği (NRS) ve sözel değerlendirme ölçeği (VRS) olmak üzere üç farklı ağrı ölçeğiyle değerlendirilmesi ve bu ölçeklerin etkinliğinin karşılaştırılması amacıyla yapıldı. Çalışmaya yaşları 18 ile 53 arasında değişen, 27’si (%75) kadın, 9’u (%25) erkek olmak üzere toplam 36 birey dahil edidi. Çalışmaya katılan hastalar SDG ameliyatı sonrası 3, 7, 14. gün ve 1. aydaki ağrıları bu üç ölçekle tek bir araştırmacı tarafından değerlendirildi. Veriller IBM SPSS Statistics 22 (IBM SPSS, Türkiye) programı ile analiz edildi. Üç ölçek arasında korelasyonlar pozitif yönde, yüksek düzeyde ve istatiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulundu (p CR - Aslan, F. E. (2006). Ağrı: Doğası ve kontrolü: İstanbul Medikal Yayıncılık. CR - Bijur, P. E., Latimer, C. T., & Gallagher, E. J. (2003). Validation of a verbally administered numerical rating scale of acute pain for use in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med, 10(4), 390-392. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2003.tb01355.x CR - Bijur, P. E., Silver, W., & Gallagher, E. J. (2001). Reliability of the visual analog scale for measurement of acute pain. Acad Emerg Med, 8(12), 1153-1157. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01132.x CR - Birol, L. (2004). Hemşirelik süreci: Hemşirelik bakımında sistematik yaklaşım: Etki Matbaacılık Yayıncılık. CR - Bisgaard, T., Klarskov, B., Rosenberg, J., & Kehlet, H. (2001). Characteristics and prediction of early pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Pain, 90(3), 261-269. doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00406-1 CR - Breivik, E. K., Björnsson, G. A., & Skovlund, E. (2000). A comparison of pain rating scales by sampling from clinical trial data. The Clinical journal of pain, 16(1), 22-28. CR - Breivik, H., Borchgrevink, P. C., Allen, S. M., Rosseland, L. A., Romundstad, L., Breivik Hals, E. K., ... Stubhaug, A. (2008). Assessment of pain. BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia, 101(1), 17-24. doi:10.1093/bja/aen103 CR - Briggs, M., & Closs, J. S. (1999). A descriptive study of the use of visual analogue scales and verbal rating scales for the assessment of postoperative pain in orthopedic patients. Journal of pain and symptom management, 18(6), 438-446. CR - Chou, R., Gordon, D. B., de Leon-Casasola, O. A., Rosenberg, J. M., Bickler, S., Brennan, T., …Degenhardt, E. (2016). Guidelines on the management of postoperative pain. J Pain, 17(2), 131-157. CR - Dahl, J. L. (1996). Effective pain management in terminal care. Clinics in geriatric medicine, 12(2), 279-300. CR - Ergün, U., Say, B., Ozer, G., Yildirim, O., Kocatürk, O., Konar, D., …Inan, L. (2007). Trial of a new pain assessment tool in patients with low education: the full cup test. International journal of clinical practice, 61(10), 1692-1696. CR - Eti Aslan, F. (2006). Ağrı değerlendirilmesi ve ölçümü. Ed: Eti Aslan F, Ağrı Doğası ve Kontrolü.(1. Basım, pp: 68-99) İstanbul: Avrupa Tıp Kitapçılık Ltd. Şti. CR - Ferreira-Valente, M. A., Pais-Ribeiro, J. L., & Jensen, M. P. (2011). Validity of four pain intensity rating scales. Pain®, 152(10), 2399-2404. CR - Flaherty, S. A. (1996). Pain measurement tools for clinical practice and research. Aana j, 64(2), 133-140. CR - Gagliese, L., Jackson, M., Ritvo, P., Wowk, A., & Katz, J. (2000). Age is not an impediment to effective use of patient-controlled analgesia by surgical patients. Anesthesiology, 93(3), 601-610. doi:10.1097/00000542-200009000-00007 CR - Gagliese, L., Weizblit, N., Ellis, W., & Chan, V. W. (2005). The measurement of postoperative pain: a comparison of intensity scales in younger and older surgical patients. Pain, 117(3), 412-420. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2005.07.004 CR - Garra, G., Singer, A. J., Taira, B. R., Chohan, J., Cardoz, H., Chisena, E., & Thode, H. C., Jr. (2010). Validation of the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale in pediatric emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med, 17(1), 50-54. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00620.x CR - Govas, P., Ketchum, A., Kazi, R., Gordon, B. R., & Carroll, B. T. (2022). Pain Intensity Assessment Scales for Dermatologic Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review. Dermatologic Surgery, 48(2), 232-238. CR - Isik, K., Unsal, A., Kalayci, A., & Durmus, E. (2011). Comparison of three pain scales after impacted third molar surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 112(6), 715-718. doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.01.001 CR - Jensen, M. P., & Karoly, P. (2011). Self-report scales and procedures for assessing pain in adults. CR - Kalkman, C. J., Visser, K., Moen, J., Bonsel, G. J., Grobbee, D. E., & Moons, K. G. (2003). Preoperative prediction of severe postoperative pain. Pain, 105(3), 415-423. doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00252-5 CR - Li, L., Liu, X., & Herr, K. (2007). Postoperative pain intensity assessment: a comparison of four scales in Chinese adults. Pain Medicine, 8(3), 223-234. CR - McCaffery, M., & Pasero, C. (1999). Assessment: underlying complexities, misconceptions, and practical tools. Pain: clinical manual, 35-102. CR - McCahon, S., Strong, J., Sharry, R., & Cramond, T. (2005). Self-report and pain behavior among patients with chronic pain. Clin J Pain, 21(3), 223-231. doi:10.1097/00002508-200505000-00005 CR - Melzack, R. (2005). The McGill pain questionnaire: from description to measurement. Anesthesiology, 103(1), 199-202. doi:10.1097/00000542-200507000-00028 CR - Merskey, H. (1986). Pain terms: a current list with definitions and notes on usage. Pain, 3, 217-221. CR - Morin, C., Lund, J. P., Villarroel, T., Clokie, C. M., & Feine, J. S. (2000). Differences between the sexes in post-surgical pain. Pain, 85(1-2), 79-85. doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00248-1 CR - Odai, E. D., Ehizele, A. O., & Enabulele, J. E. (2015). Assessment of pain among a group of Nigerian dental patients. BMC Res Notes, 8, 251. doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1226-5 CR - Philip, B. K. (1990). Parametric statistics for evaluation of the visual analog scale. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 71(6), 710. CR - Robinson, C. L., Phung, A., Dominguez, M., Remotti, E., Ricciardelli, R., Momah, D. U., ...Gill, J. (2024). Pain scales: What are they and what do they mean. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 28(11), 11–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-023-01195-2 CR - Sirintawat, N., Sawang, K., Chaiyasamut, T., & Wongsirichat, N. (2017). Pain measurement in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 17(4), 253–263. https://doi.org/10.17245/jdapm.2017.17.4.253 CR - Sloman, R., Wruble, A. W., Rosen, G., & Rom, M. (2006). Determination of clinically meaningful levels of pain reduction in patients experiencing acute postoperative pain. Pain Management Nursing, 7(4), 153-158. Uysal, İ., Eratilla, V., Topbaş, C., Ergül, İ., & Çelik, Y. (2022). Comparison of local and systemic ibuprofen for relief of postoperative pain in symptomatic teeth with apical periodontitis. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 28, e937339-937331. CR - van Dijk, J. F., Kappen, T. H., van Wijck, A. J., Kalkman, C. J., & Schuurmans, M. J. (2012). The diagnostic value of the numeric pain rating scale in older postoperative patients. Journal of clinical nursing, 21(21-22), 3018-3024. CR - Wang, H. L., Bunyaratavej, P., Labadie, M., Shyr, Y., & MacNeil, R. L. (2001). Comparison of 2 clinical techniques for treatment of gingival recession. Journal of periodontology, 72(10), 1301-1311. CR - Wang, X.-H., & Gao, W.-L. (2014). Patients' preoperative preference and postoperative implementation for four pain scales: 14AP4-2. European Journal of Anaesthesiology| EJA, 31, 224. CR - Williamson, A., & Hoggart, B. (2005). Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales. Journal of clinical nursing, 14(7), 798-804. CR - Zhou, Y., Petpichetchian, W., & Kitrungrote, L. (2011). Psychometric properties of pain intensity scales comparing among postoperative adult patients, elderly patients without and with mild cognitive impairment in China. International journal of nursing studies, 48(4), 449-457. UR - https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.1641365 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4616365 ER -