TY  - JOUR
T1  - Diagnostic Efficacy of Certain Physical Examination and Serum Biochemistry Parameters in Dogs with Tick Paralysis
TT  - Kene Felci Olan Köpeklerde Bazı Fiziksel Muayene ve Serum Biyokimyası Parametrelerinin Tanısal Etkinliği
AU  - Gülersoy, Erdem
AU  - Balıkçı, Canberk
AU  - Şahan, Adem
AU  - Günal, İsmail
AU  - Kısmet, Esma
PY  - 2025
DA  - June
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.31196/huvfd.1660572
JF  - Harran University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
JO  - Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg
PB  - Harran University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2146-7188
SP  - 67
EP  - 76
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
LA  - en
AB  - Recognizing tick paralysis is crucial as it can be fatal, but no specific diagnostic test exists. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of routine clinical examinations and selected laboratory analytes and to understand the impact of tick burden on the severity of symptoms in tick-paralyzed dogs. Fourteen dogs, whose diagnosis of tick paralysis was confirmed by the ex juvantibus method, were divided into Low Tick (1-4 ticks, n=7) and High Tick (5-60 ticks, n=7) subgroups based on the number of ticks. The healthy group consisted of dogs with no disease history (n=7). Physical examinations and certain serum biochemistry profile analyses of all the dogs were evaluated comparatively. The diagnostic efficiency of all the parameters was investigated by ROC-based diagnostic performance analysis. The respiratory rate of the dogs with tick paralysis was higher than that of the healthy dogs (p
KW  - acute flaccid paralysis
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - dog
KW  - serum biochemistry
KW  - tick paralysis
N2  - Kene felcini tanımak, ölümcül olabileceğinden çok önemlidir, ancak spesifik bir tanı testi bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada rutin klinik muayenelerin ve seçilmiş laboratuvar analizlerinin tanısal etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi ve kene felci olan köpeklerde kene yükünün semptomların şiddeti üzerindeki etkisinin anlaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Kene felci tanısı ex juvantibus yöntemi ile doğrulanan 14 köpek, kene sayısına göre Düşük Kene (1-4 kene, n=7) ve Yüksek Kene (5-60 kene, n=7) alt gruplarına ayrıldı. Sağlıklı grup, hastalık geçmişi olmayan köpeklerden oluşturuldu (n=7). Tüm köpeklerin fiziksel muayeneleri ve bazı seçilmiş serum biyokimya profili analizleri karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirildi. Tüm parametrelerin tanısal etkinliği, ROC-tabanlı tanı performans analizi ile araştırıldı. Kene felci olan köpeklerin solunum hızı, sağlıklı köpeklere göre daha yüksekti (p
CR  - Atwell RB, Campbell FE, Evans EA, 2001: Prospective survey of tick paralysis in dogs. Aust Vet J, 79, 412−418.
CR  - Aydın L, Bakırcı S, 2007: Geographical distribution of ticks in Turkey. Parasitol Res, 101 (2), 163-166.
CR  - Barrett PM, Topol EJ, 2016: To truly look inside. The Lancet, 387, 1268-1269.
CR  - Bhutani VK, Johnson L, 2009: Kernicterus in the 21st century: Frequently asked questions. J Perinatol, 29 (Suppl 1), 20–24.
CR  - Boffey GC, Paterson DC, 1973: Creatine phosphokinase elevation in a case of tick paralysis. Can Med Ass J, 108, 866.
CR  - Bowley MP, Chad AD, 2019: Clinical neurophysiology of demyelinating polyneuropathy. Handb Clin Neurol, 161 (3), 241-268.
CR  - Bradbury CA, 2017: Jaundice. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, Côté E (eds), Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (8th Ed), St Louis, MO, USA: Elsevier, pp. 214–216.
CR  - Ceylan O, Dik B, İlhan C, İder M, Gülersoy E, 2019: The first case of anal myiasis caused by Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) in a dog infested with Rhiphicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) ticks suspected to cause paralysis in Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 25, 721−724.
CR  - Eyer F, Zilker T, 2007: Bench-to-bedside review: Mechanisms and management of hyperthermia due to toxicity. Crit Care, 11 (6), 236.
CR  - Fadia M, Shroff S, Simpson E, 2019: Immune-Mediated Neuropathies. Curr Treat Op Neu, 21 (6), 28.
CR  - Guiloff RJ, McGregor B, Thompson E, Blackwood W, Paul E, 1980: Motor neurone disease with elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 43 (5), 390-396.
CR  - Gülersoy E, Günal İ, 2022: Atypical Presentation of a Tick Paralysis in a Dog. Acta Vet Indones, 10 (1), 23-30.
CR  - Gülersoy E, Erol BB, Ok M, Sevinç M, 2023: Evaluation of qSOFA and variation of hematochemical profile in cats naturally infected with feline panleukopenia virus. Open Vet Sci, 4 (1), 20220118.
CR  - Guo Q, Hu W, Xu L, Luo H, Wang N, Zhang Q, 2021: Decreased serum creatinine levels predict short survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Clin Trans Neuro, 8, 448-455.
CR  - Herndon AM, Thompson AT, Mack C, 2018: Diagnosis and treatment of lower motor neuron disease in Australian dogs and cats. J Vet Med, 1018230.
CR  - Holland CT, 2008: Asymmetrical focal neurological deficits in dogs and cats with naturally occurring tick paralysis (Ixodes holocyclus): 27 cases (1999-2006). Aust Vet J, 86 (10), 377-384.
CR  - Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S, 2000: Applied Logistic Regression. In: Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S, Applied Logistic Regression (2nd Ed). New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 160–164.
CR  - İça A, Çetin H, 2016: Kenelerde Kırım Kongo Kanamalı Ateşi virüsünün moleküler yöntemlerle araştırılması. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 63, 251-257.
CR  - Ilkiw JE, Turner DM, 1987: Infestation in the dog by the paralysis tick Ixodes holocyclus. 2. Blood-gas and pH, haematological and biochemical findings. Aust Vet J, 64 (5), 139-142.
CR  - Kaur A, Rohit, Aran KR, 2025: Unraveling the dual role of bilirubin in neurological Diseases: A Comprehensive exploration of its neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects. Brain Res, 15, 149472.
CR  - Leister E, Morton J, Atwell R, Webster R, 2017: Clinical presentations, treatments and risk factors for mortality in cats with tick paralysis caused by Ixodes holocyclus: 2077 cases (2008–2016). J Felin Med Surg, 20, 465–478.
CR  - Lim AK, 2020: Abnormal liver function tests associated with severe rhabdomyolysis. World J Gastroenterol, 26, 1020-1028.
CR  - Malik R, Farrow BR, 1991: Tick paralysis in North America and Australia. Vet Clin N Am: Small Anim Pract, 21 (1), 157-171.
CR  - Marx A, Glass JD, Sutter RW, 2000: Differential diagnosis of acute flaccid paralysis and its role in poliomyelitis surveillance. Epidemiol Rev, 22 (2), 298-316.
CR  - McGee S, 2012: Evidence-based physical diagnosis. 3rd ed., Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders.
CR  - Nathwani RA, Pais S, Reynolds TB, Kaplowitz N, 2005: Serum alanine aminotransferase in skeletal muscle diseases. Hepatology, 41, 380-382.
CR  - Otranto D, Dantas-Torres F, Tarallo VD, Ramos RA, Stanneck D, Baneth G, de Caprariis D, 2012: Apparent tick paralysis by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) in dogs. Vet Parasitol, 188 (3-4), 325-329.
CR  - Padula AM, 2016: Tick paralysis of animals in Australia. In: Gopalakrishnakone, Faiz SMA, Gnanathasan CA, Habib AG, Fernando R, Yang C (Ed), Clinical Toxinology in Asia Pacific and Africa. Netherlands: Springer, pp. 265−285
CR  - Padula AM, Leister EM, Webster RA, 2020: Tick paralysis in dogs and cats in Australia: Treatment and prevention deliverables from 100 years of research. Aust Vet J, 98, 53−59.
CR  - Schober P, Boer C, Schwarte LA, 2018: Correlation coefficients: Appropriate use and interpretation. Anesth Analg, 126 (5), 1763-1768.
CR  - Shaffran N, 2008: Pain management: The veterinary technician’s perspective. Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract, 38, 1415–1428.
CR  - Shapiro SM, 2012: Kernicterus. In: Stevenson DK, Maisels MJ, Watchko JF (Ed), Care of the Jaundiced Neonate. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
CR  - Shelton GD, 2002: Myasthenia gravis and disorders of neuromuscular transmission. Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract, 32 (1), 189-206.
CR  - Simon LV, West B, McKinney WP, 2023: Tick Paralysis. In StatPearls. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470478/. Access date: 16.02.2025
CR  - Soulsby EJL, 2005: Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals (7th Ed). New Delhi, India: Elsevier India Private Limited.
CR  - Terrault NA, Lok ASF, McMahon BJ, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, Wong JB, 2018: Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance. Hepatology, 67 (4), 1560-1599.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1660572
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4702846
ER  -