TY  - JOUR
T1  - An investigation of the association of sleep quality and diet quality in adults
AU  - Yıbar, Artun
AU  - Gürol, Gülşah
AU  - Güngör Aslan, Tuba
AU  - Gürler, Fatma
PY  - 2025
DA  - June
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.31015/2025.2.15
JF  - International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences
JO  - int. j. agric. environ. food sci.
PB  - Gültekin ÖZDEMİR
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2618-5946
SP  - 420
EP  - 428
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
LA  - en
AB  - This study, which aimed to examine the relationship between sleep quality and diet quality in adults, was conducted on 50 adults residing in Bursa province and known not to use sleeping pills. The researchers via face-to-face interviews completed a questionnaire, querying the personal characteristics, sleep duration and sleep quality of the participants. The daily food consumption data of the participants were recorded using the retrospective recall method. Diet quality and sleep quality were measured using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. Most of the participants were female (62%) and aged 25-44 years (68%). The groups with good and poor sleep quality significantly differed for caffeine intake (p < 0.05). No statistically significant correlation was observed between sleep quality and other nutrients including vitamin A, calcium and iron (p > 0.05). While no statistically significant correlation was determined between sleep quality and the HEI overall diet quality score (p > 0.05), the HEI components, the wholegrain score displayed a statistically significant negative correlation with the overall sleep quality score (p < 0.05). In this study, no statistically significant correlation was determined between overall diet quality and sleep quality, but caffeine intake and wholegrain consumption were ascertained to significantly affect sleep quality.
KW  - Caffeine intake
KW  - Adult
KW  - Sleep quality
KW  - Diet quality
KW  - Wholegrain consumption
CR  - AARC-APT (American Association of Respiratory Care-Association of Polysomnography Technologists). (1995). Clinical practice guideline. Polysomnography Respiratory Care, 40(12), 1336-1343.
CR  - Agargun, M.Y., Kara, H., Anlar, O. (1996). The validity and reliability of the pittsburgh sleep quality index. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 7(2), 107-115.
CR  - Alruwaili, N.W., Alqahtani, N., Alanazi, M.H., Alanazi, B.S., Aljrbua, M.S., Gatar, O.M. (2023). The effect of nutrition and physical activity on sleep quality among adults: A scoping review. Sleep Science and Practice, 7(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41606-023-00090-4
CR  - Baranwal, N., Yu, P. K., Siegel, N. S. (2023). Sleep physiology, pathophysiology, and sleep hygiene. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 77, 59-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2023.02.005
CR  - Behbahani, H.B., Borazjani, F., Sheikhi, L., Amiri, R., Angali, K.A., Nejad, S.B., Samadani, M. (2022). The association between diet quality scores with sleep quality among employees: A cross-sectional study. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 32(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v32i1.16
CR  - Binks, H., Vincent, G.E., Gupta, C., Irwin, C., Khalesi, S. (2020). Effects of diet on sleep: A narrative review. Nutrients, 12(4), 936. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12040936
CR  - Buysse, D.J., Reynolds, C.F., Monk, T.H., Berman, S.R., Kupfer, D.J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28(2), 193-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
CR  - Cheon, J., Kim, M. (2022). Comprehensive effects of various nutrients on sleep. Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 20(4), 449-458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-022-00408-2
CR  - Del Brutto, O.H., Mera, R.M., Ha, J.E., Gillman, J., Zambrano, M., Castillo, P. R. (2016). Dietary fish intake and sleep quality: A population-based study. Sleep Medicine, 17, 126-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.20185.09.021
CR  - Doo, M., Kim, Y. (2016). Association between sleep duration and obesity is modified by dietary macronutrients intake in Korean. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 10(4), 424-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2015.08.010
CR  - Gardiner, C., Weakley, J., Burke, L.M., Roach, G.D., Sargent, C., Maniar, N., Townshend, A., Halson, S.L. (2023). The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 69, 101764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101764
CR  - Godos, J., Grosso, G.,  Castellano, S., Galvano, F., Caraci, F., Ferri, R. (2021). Association between diet and sleep quality: A systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 57, 101430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101430
CR  - Hepsomali, P., Groeger, J.A. (2021). Diet, sleep, and mental health: Insights from the UK Biobank Study. Nutrients,13(8), 2573. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082573
CR  - Hindmarch, I., Rigney, U., Stanley, N., Quinlan, P., Rycroft, J., Lane, J. (2000). A naturalistic investigation of the effects of day-long consumption of tea, coffee and water on alertness, sleep onset and sleep quality. Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 149, 203-216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002130000383
CR  - Hur, S., Oh, B., Kim, H., Kwon, O. (2021). Associations of diet quality and sleep quality with obesity. Nutrients, 13(9), 3181. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093181
CR  - Indrasari Utami, D. K., Indradewi Karang, A. A. A. S., Aryasa, I. A. (2023). Effect of food intake on sleep: Mechanisms and recommendations. International Journal of Research and Review, 10(2), 444-452. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230253
CR  - Kalam, F., Gabel, K., Cienfuegos, S., Ezpeleta, M., Wiseman, E., Varady, K.A. (2021). Alternate day fasting combined with a low carbohydrate diet: effect on sleep quality, duration, insomnia severity and risk of obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity. Nutrients, 13(1), 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010211
CR  - Katagiri, R., Asakura, A., Kobayashi, S., Suga, H., Sasaki, S. (2014). Low intake of vegetables, high intake of confectionary, and unhealthy eating habits are associated with poor sleep quality among middle-aged female Japanese workers. Journal of Occuatioal Health, 56(5), 359-368. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.14-0051-OA
CR  - Kleiser, C., Wawro, N., Stelmach-Mardas, M., Boeing, H., Gedrich, K., Himmerich, H., Linseisen, J. (2017). Are sleep duration, midpoint of sleep and sleep quality associated with dietary intake among Bavarian adults? European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71, 631-637. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2016.264
CR  - Kracht, C., Chaput, J.P., Martin, C.K., Champagne, C.M., Katzmarzyk, P.T. (2019). Associations of sleep with food cravings diet, and obesity in adolescence. Nutrients, 11(12), 2899. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122899
CR  - Krebs-Smith, S.M., Pannucci, T.E., Subar, A.F., Kirkpatrick, S.I., Lerman, J.L., Tooze, J.A., Wilson, M.M., Reddy, J. (2018). Update of the healthy eating index: HEI-2015. Journal of Academy Nutrition and Dietetics, 118(9), 1591-602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2018.05.021
CR  - Lindseth, G., Murray, A. (2016). Dietary macronutrients and sleep. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 38(8), 938-958. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945916643712
CR  - Medic, G., Wille, M., Hemels, M. (2017). Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption. Nature and Science of Sleep, 9, 151-161. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S134864
CR  - O’Callaghan, F., Muurlink, O., Reid, N. (2018). Effects of caffeine on sleep quality and daytime functioning. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 11, 263-273. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S156404
CR  - Pattnaik, H., Mir, M., Boike, S., Kashyap, R., Khan, S. A., Surani, S. (2022). Nutritional Elements in Sleep. Cureus, 14(12), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.32803
CR  - Phillips, F., Crisp, A.H., McGuiness, B., Kalucy, E.C., Chen, C.N., Koval, J., Kalucy, R.S., Lacey, J.H. (1975). Isocaloric diet changes and electroencephalographic sleep. The Lancet, 306, 723-725. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(75)90718-7
CR  - Ramón-Arbués, E., Granada-López, J.-M., Martínez-Abadía, B., Echániz-Serrano, E., Antón-Solanas, I., Jerue, B.A. (2022). The association between diet and sleep quality among Spanish university students. Nutrients, 14(16), 3291. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163291
CR  - Rétey, J.V., Adam, M., Khatami, R., Luhmann, U.F.O., Jung, H.H., Berger, W., Landolt, H.F. (2007). A genetic variation in the adenosine A2A receptor gene (ADORA2A) contributes to individual sensitivity to caffeine effects on sleep. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 81, 692-698. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.clpt.6100102
CR  - Ruel, M.T. (2002). Is dietary diversity an indicator of food security or dietary quality? A review of measurement issues and research needs. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 24(2), 231-232. https://doi.org/10.1177/156482650302400217
CR  - Sato-Mito, N., Sasaki, S., Murakamz, K., Okubo, H., Takahashi, Y., Shibata, S., Yamada, K., Sato, K., the Freshmen in Dietetic Courses Study II group. (2011). The midpoint of sleep is associated with dietary intake and dietary behavior among young Japanese women. Sleep Medicine, 12(3), 289-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2010.09.012
CR  - Sejbuk, M., Mirończuk-Chodakowska, I., Witkowska, A. M. (2022). Sleep quality: A narrative review on nutrition, stimulants, and physical activity as important factors. Nutrients, 14(9), 1912. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091912
CR  - Shi, Z., McEvoy, M., Luu, J., Attia, J. (2008). Dietary fat and sleep duration in Chinese men and women. International Journal of Obesity, 32, 1835-1840. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2008.191
CR  - Štefan, L., Radman, I., Podnar, H., Vrgoč, G. (2018). Sleep duration and sleep quality associated with dietary index in free-living very old adults. Nutrients, 10(11), 1748. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111748
CR  - St-Onge, M.-P., Cherta-Murillo, A., Darimont, C., Mantantzis, K., Martin, F. P., Owen, L. (2023). The interrelationship between sleep, diet, and glucose metabolism. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 69, 101788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101788
CR  - St-Onge, M.P., Roberts, A., Shechter, A., Choudhury, A.R. (2016). Fiber and saturated fat are associated with sleep arousals and slow wave sleep. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12(1), 19-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945916643712
CR  - St-Onge, M.P., Mikic, A., Pietrolungo, C.E. (2016). Effects of Diet on Sleep Quality. Adv Nutr., 15, 7(5), 938-49. doi: 10.3945/an.116.012336.
CR  - Vlahoyiannis, A., Giannaki, C.D., Sakkas, G.K., Aphamis, G., Andreou, E. (2021). A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression on the effects of carbohydrates on sleep. Nutrients, 13(4), 1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041283
CR  - Weibel, J., Lin, Y.S., Landolt, H.P., Kistler, J., Rehm, S., Rentsch, K.M., Slawik, H., Borgwart, S., Cajochen, C., Reichert, C.F. (2021). The impact of daily caffeine intake on nighttime sleep in young adult men. Scientific Reports, 11, 4668. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84088-x
CR  - Wilson, K., St-Onge, M.-P., Tasali, E. (2022). Diet Composition and Objectively Assessed Sleep Quality: A Narrative Review. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 122(6), 1182-1195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2022.01.007
CR  - Wu, W., Zhao, A., Man-Yau Szeto, I., Wang, Y., Meng, L., Li, T., Zhang, J., Wang, M., Tian, Z., Zhang, Y. (2019). Diet quality, consumption of seafood and eggs are associated with sleep quality among Chinese urban adults: A cross-sectional study in eight cities of China. Wiley, 7, 2091-2102. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1050
CR  - Yazdani, V., Zeraattalab-Motlagh, S., Jayedi, A., Majdi, M., Mirrafiei, A., Martami, F., Djafarian, K., Shab-Bidar, S. (2023). The association between self-reported nocturnal sleep duration, irregularity in daily energy intake and diet quality in a sample of Iranian adults. Public Health Nutrition, 26(8), 1609-1616. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980023000502
CR  - Zhao, M., Tuo, H., Wang, S., Zhao, L. (2020). The effects of dietary nutrition on sleep and sleep disorders. Mediators of Inflammation, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3142874
CR  - Zuraikat, F. M., Wood, R. A., Barragán, R., St-Onge, M.-P. (2021). Sleep and Diet: Mounting Evidence of a Cyclical Relationship. Annual Review of Nutrition, 41(1), 309-332. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-120420-021719
UR  - https://doi.org/10.31015/2025.2.15
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4719088
ER  -