TY  - JOUR
T1  - Factors Shaping Health Tourism Income in Türkiye: A Time Series Study on the Effects of Innovation, Safety and Hygiene
TT  - Factors Shaping Health Tourism Income in Türkiye: A Time Series Study on the Effects of Innovation, Safety and Hygiene
AU  - Çapar, Haşim
AU  - Abiş, Taner
PY  - 2025
DA  - July
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.31201/ijhmt.1664935
JF  - International Journal of Health Management and Tourism
PB  - Dilaver TENGİLİMOĞLU
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2458-9608
SP  - 176
EP  - 198
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
LA  - en
AB  - Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of global innovation index, safety and security level and health and hygiene level on health tourism income. Method: Time series analysis was applied with Türkiye's data for the years 2012-2023. After the stationarity of the series was analyzed with Philips-Perron (PP) unit root tests, short-term and long-term relationship was examined with Johanson Cointegration test. Then, shocks occurring in the short term were calculated by applying Error Correction Model and Impulse-Response Function. Results: While hygiene and health level (HH) positively affected health tourism income (EXP) (P0.05). EXP variable is affected by shocks from GII, HH and SS. Therefore, health tourism income is significantly affected by indicators such as safety and security, innovative developments in tourism, hygiene and health level in the short term. Conclusion: As a result, it is recommended that Türkiye should make continuous efforts towards innovation, hygiene and security elements in order to realize its health tourism potential. The meticulous handling of these elements by stakeholders will strengthen the country's position in the field of health tourism and increase its health tourism income by ensuring that it assumes a more competitive role in the international market.
KW  - Hygiene
KW  - Health tourism income
KW  - Innovation
KW  - Security
KW  - Time series analysis
KW  - Türkiye.
N2  - .
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UR  - https://doi.org/10.31201/ijhmt.1664935
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4722656
ER  -