TY  - JOUR
T1  - Investigating Oil-in-Water Emulsions: A Case Study of 1-Hexanol and 1-Octanol
AU  - Gündoğdu, Gülsüm
PY  - 2025
DA  - June
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.17798/bitlisfen.1665610
JF  - Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi
PB  - Bitlis Eren University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2147-3129
SP  - 1220
EP  - 1229
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
LA  - en
AB  - Alcohols like 1-hexanol (C₆H₁₄OH) and 1-octanol (C₈H₁₈OH) possess both a hydrophobic alkyl tail (the hexyl group) and a hydrophilic hydroxyl head, allowing them to interact with both water and oil phases. This dual affinity helps reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water, promoting the formation of stable nanoemulsions of hexadecane in water, as confirmed by zeta potential measurements. The effects of non-ionic surfactants, 1-hexanol and 1-octanol on oil nanodroplets are examined through concentration-dependent fluorescence measurements using Nile Red. This fluorescence spectrum also provides valuable information for estimating the critical micelle concentration (CMC), which is crucial for understanding surfactant behavior, as well as the stability and performance of nanoemulsions. Optimizing oil nanoemulsions containing alcohols is essential for various applications, including drug delivery, emulsification, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), food processing, cosmetics and energy storage technologies.
KW  - surfactant adsorption
KW  - oil-water interface
KW  - oil nanodroplet
KW  - nanoemulsion
KW  - critical micelle concentration
CR  - J. E. Bowcott and J. H. Schulman, “Emulsions Control of droplet size and phase continuity in transparent oil-water dispersions stabilized with soap and alcohol,” Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie, Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 283–290, Jun. 1955.
CR  - D. K. Sarker, “Engineering of Nanoemulsions for Drug Delivery,” Current Drug Delivery, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 297–310, Oct. 2005.
CR  - R. P. Bagwe, J. R. Kanicky, B. J. Palla, P. K. Patanjali, and D. O. Shah, “Improved Drug Delivery Using Microemulsions: Rationale, Recent Progress, and New Horizons,” Critical Reviews™ in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 64, 2001.
CR  - H. Jia et al., “Systematic investigation of the synergistic effects of novel biosurfactant ethoxylated phytosterol-alcohol systems on the interfacial tension of a water/model oil system,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol. 513, pp. 292–296, Jan. 2017.
CR  - A. Gadhave and J. Waghmare, “A Short Review On Microemulsion And Its Application In Extraction Of Vegetable Oil,” International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, vol. 03, no. 09, pp. 147–158, Sep. 2014.
CR  - R. Najjar and S. Heidari, “Modified diesel prepared by stabilization of water as nanodroplets in diesel/colza oil blend: Study of phase behavior and affecting parameters,” Fuel, vol. 214, pp. 497–504, Feb. 2018.
CR  - X. Guan, Y. Sheng, H. Jiang, B. P. Binks, and T. Ngai, “Water-in-oil high internal phase Pickering emulsions formed by spontaneous interfacial hydrolysis of monomer oil,” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 623, pp. 476–486, Oct. 2022.
CR  - T. Zhu et al., “Advances of microemulsion and its applications for improved oil recovery,” Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 299, p. 102527, Jan. 2022.
CR  - C. W. Pouton, “Formulation of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems,” Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 47–58, Apr. 1997.
CR  - N. Garti, “Microemulsions as microreactors for food applications,” Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 197–211, Jun. 2003.
CR  - F. Ma and M. A. Hanna, “Biodiesel production: a review,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 1–15, Oct. 1999.
CR  - A. Schober, J. Zhang, A. Subramaniam, and V. Normand, “Emulsification efficacy of Quillaja saponins at very low concentration: Model development and role of alcohols,” Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 159, pp. 829–837, Nov. 2017.
CR  - S. Fukushima and M. Yamaguchi, “Physical Chemistry of Cetyl Alcohol: Occurrence and Function of Liquid Crystals in O/W Creams,” Surface and Colloid Science, pp. 1–98, 2001.
CR  - Y. Çelebi, M. Cengiz, A. Aydın, and H. Aydın, “A comprehensive review of hexanol and its blends in diesel engines,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 321, p. 119004, Dec. 2024.
CR  - F. Wang, B. Fang, Z. Zhang, S. Zhang, and Y. Chen, “The effect of alkanol chain on the interfacial composition and thermodynamic properties of diesel oil microemulsion,” Fuel, vol. 87, no. 12, pp. 2517–2522, Sep. 2008.
CR  - N. Arpornpong, C. Attaphong, A. Charoensaeng, D. A. Sabatini, and S. Khaodhiar, “Ethanol-in-palm oil/diesel microemulsion-based biofuel: Phase behavior, viscosity, and droplet size,” Fuel, vol. 132, pp. 101–106, Sep. 2014.
CR  - Y. Chen, K. C. Jena, and S. Roke, “From Hydrophobic to Hydrophilic: The Structure and Density of the Hexadecane Droplet/Alkanol/Water Interface,” Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 119, no. 31, pp. 17725–17734, Aug. 2015.
CR  - R. G. Alany, T. Rades, S. Agatonovic-Kustrin, N. M. Davies, and I. G. Tucker, “Effects of alcohols and diols on the phase behaviour of quaternary systems,” International Journal of Pharmaceutics, vol. 196, no. 2, pp. 141–145, Mar. 2000.
CR  - M. M. Mohareb, R. M. Palepu, and S. P. Moulik, “Interfacial and Thermodynamic Properties of Formation of Water‐in‐Oil Microemulsions with Surfactants (SDS and CTAB) and Cosurfactants (n‐Alkanols C5–C9),” Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1209–1216, 2006.
CR  - C. Thévenot, B. Grassl, G. Bastiat, and W. Binana, “Aggregation number and critical micellar concentration of surfactant determined by time-dependent static light scattering (TDSLS) and conductivity,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol. 252, no. 2–3, pp. 105–111, Jan. 2005.
CR  - S. Al-Anssari, S. Wang, A. Barifcani, and S. Iglauer, “Oil-water interfacial tensions of silica nanoparticle-surfactant formulations,” Tenside, Surfactants, Detergents, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 334–341, Jul. 2017.
CR  - G. Afuwape and R. J. Hill, “Interfacial Dynamics of SDS-Stabilized Hexadecane-In-Water Nanoemulsions in the Megahertz Range,” Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 125, no. 5, pp. 3180–3191, Feb. 2021.
CR  - H. C. Chang, Y. Y. Lin, C. S. Chern, and S. Y. Lin, “Determination of critical micelle concentration of macroemulsions and miniemulsions,” Langmuir, vol. 14, no. 23, pp. 6632–6638, Nov. 1998.
CR  - A. M. Al-Sabagh, M. M. Emara, M. R. Noor El-Din, and W. R. Aly, “Formation of water-in-diesel oil nano-emulsions using high energy method and studying some of their surface active properties,” Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 17–23, Jun. 2011.
CR  - J. Church et al., “Impact of Interfacial Tension and Critical Micelle Concentration on Bilgewater Oil Separation,” Journal of Water Process Engineering, vol. 39, p. 101684, Feb. 2021.
CR  - M. R. Noor El-Din, S. H. El-Hamouly, H. M. Mohamed, M. R. Mishrif, and A. M. Ragab, “Investigating factors affecting water-in-diesel fuel nanoemulsions,” Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 819–831, Sep. 2014.
CR  - M. I. Viseu, M. M. Velázquez, C. S. Campos, I. García-Mateos, and S. M. B. Costa, “Structural transitions in a bicationic amphiphile system studied by light-scattering, conductivity, and surface tension measurements,” Langmuir, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 4882–4889, May 2000.
CR  - N. Smolentsev and S. Roke, “Self-Assembly at Water Nanodroplet Interfaces Quantified with Nonlinear Light Scattering,” Langmuir, vol. 36, no. 31, pp. 9317–9322, Aug. 2020.
CR  - M. M. Knock, G. R. Bell, E. K. Hill, H. J. Turner, and C. D. Bain, “Sum-frequency spectroscopy of surfactant monolayers at the oil-water interface,” Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 107, no. 39, pp. 10801–10814, Oct. 2003.
CR  - E. Zdrali, Y. Chen, H. I. Okur, D. M. Wilkins, and S. Roke, “The Molecular Mechanism of Nanodroplet Stability,” ACS Nano, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 12111–12120, Dec. 2017.
CR  - Y. Chen, H. I. Okur, C. Lütgebaucks, and S. Roke, “Zwitterionic and Charged Lipids Form Remarkably Different Structures on Nanoscale Oil Droplets in Aqueous Solution,” Langmuir, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 1042–1050, Jan. 2018.
CR  - T. W. Golbek, H. I. Okur, S. Kulik, J. Dedic, S. Roke, and T. Weidner, “Lysozyme Interaction with Phospholipid Nanodroplets Probed by Sum Frequency Scattering Vibrational Spectroscopy,” Langmuir, vol. 39, no. 18, pp. 6447–6454, May 2023.
CR  - G. Gündoğdu, E. Yılmaz Topuzlu, F. Mutlu, U. E. Ertekin, and H. I. Okur, “Oil-in-Water Emulsions Probed Using Fluorescence Multivariate-Curve-Resolution Spectroscopy,” Langmuir, vol. 40, no. 25, pp. 13116–13121, Jun. 2024.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1665610
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4725565
ER  -