TY  - JOUR
T1  - Selection of the polymers used in oral dispersible films via analytical hierarchy process
AU  - Akbal Dağıstan, Özlem
AU  - Arslan, Miray
PY  - 2025
DA  - July
Y2  - 2024
JF  - Journal of Research in Pharmacy
JO  - J. Res. Pharm.
PB  - Marmara University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2630-6344
SP  - 1331
EP  - 1343
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
LA  - en
AB  - Many different active ingredients and excipients are used in the production of pharmaceutical products. Selection of the most suitable active ingredients and excipients is one of the most important stages of pharmaceutical production. When choosing the active ingredients and excipients, several factors and alternatives should be considered. In this instance, it is thought that one of the multi-criteria decision-making techniques, an operational research model, the Analytical Hierarchy Process, can assist in identifying the excipients during the pre-formulation stage. Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process, the current study seeks to identify the polymers most suitable for producing oral dispersible film formulations. The problem's criteria and potential solutions were determined before establishing the goal. Then, pairwise comparison matrices were generated, and the generated matrices were sent to the Super Decisions Version 3.2 software to reach a solution/result. The study's findings showed that the forming capacity is the most crucial factor affecting the choice of polymer to be used in the pre-formulation of oral dispersible films. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (14.89%) was found to be the best alternative among the polymers, followed by hydroxyethyl cellulose (12.04%) and carboxymethyl cellulose (11.58%). It was revealed that the least preferred polymers were sodium alginate (5.6%) and pectin (6.8%), which are natural polymers. It is clear from the outcomes of the various pre-formulation investigations that polymer selection in oral dispersible film formulations is one of the most critical points. This study provides a new approach to selecting the most appropriate polymers in oral dispersible film formulations.
KW  - Analytical Hierarchy Process
KW  - Pharmaceutical production
KW  - Excipient selection
KW  - Pre-formulation
KW  - Oral dispersible films
CR  - [1]Sevinç Özakar R, Özakar E. Current overview of oral thin films. Turk J Pharm Sci. 2021;18(1):111-121.https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2020.76390
CR  - [2]	He M, Zhu L, Yang N, Li H, Yang Q. Recent advances of oral film as platform for drug delivery. Int J Pharm. 2021;604:120759.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120759
CR  - [3]	Breitkreutz J, Boos J. Paediatric and geriatric drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2007;4(1):37-45. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.4.1.37
CR  - [4]	Lau ETL, Steadman KJ, Cichero JAY, Nissen LM. Dosage form modification and oral drug delivery in older people. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2018;135:75-84.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.012
CR  - [5]	Lucci N, McConnell C, Biddle C. Understanding normal and abnormal swallowing: Patient safety considerations for the perianesthetic nurse. J Perianesth Nurs. 2018;33(4):375-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2016.07.005
CR  - [6]	Ternik R, Liu F, Bartlett JA, Khong YM, Thiam Tan DC, Dixit T, Wang S, Galella EA, Gao Z, Klein S.  Assessment of swallowability and palatability of oral dosage forms in children: Report from an m-cersi pediatric formulation workshop. Int J Pharm. 2018;536(2):570-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.088
CR  - [7]	Umay E, Ozturk E, Gurcay E, Delibas O, Celikel F. Swallowing in parkinson’s disease: How is it affected? Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2019;177:37-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.12.015
CR  - [8]	Irfan M, Rabel S, Bukhtar Q, Qadir MI, Jabeen F, Khan A. Orally disintegrating films: A modern expansion in drug delivery system. Saudi Pharm J. 2016;24(5):537-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2015.02.024
CR  - [9]	Pacheco MS, Barbieri D, da Silva CF, de Moraes MA. A review on orally disintegrating films (odfs) made from natural polymers such as pullulan, maltodextrin, starch, and others. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021;178:504-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.180
CR  - [10]	Cilurzo F, Musazzi UM, Franzé S, Selmin F, Minghetti P. Orodispersible dosage forms: Biopharmaceutical improvements and regulatory requirements. Drug Discov Today. 2018;23(2):251-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2017.10.003
CR  - [11]	European pharmacopoeia. 9th edition. [Internet]. Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare of the Council of Europe (EDQM). 2020. Available from: https://pheur.edqm.eu/home, https://pheur.edqm.eu/home.
CR  - [12]	Turkish pharmacopoeia 2017 [Internet]. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Helat. 2017. Available from: https://turkishpharmacopoeia.titck.gov.tr/Home/Directory,
CR  - [13]	Borges AF, Silva C, Coelho JF, Simões S. Oral films: Current status and future perspectives: I - galenical development and quality attributes. J Control Release. 2015;206:1-19.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.006
CR  - [14]	Choudhary DR, Patel VA, Chhalotıya UK, Patel HV, Kundawala AJ. Development and characterization of pharmacokinetic parameters of fast-dissolving films containing levocetirizine. Sci Pharm. 2012;80(3):779-788.https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.1205-15
CR  - [15]	Monsuur F, Poncher J, Grace WR, Co, Brandstraat, editors. Effects of excipients on the stability of medicinal products. 2010.
CR  - [16]	Li M, Du Y, Wang Q, Sun C, Ling X, Yu B, Tu J, Xiong Y. Risk assessment of supply chain for pharmaceutical excipients with AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2016;42(4):676-684. https://doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2015.1075027
CR  - [17]	Kothari CR. Research methodology: Methods and techniques:.New Age International (P) Limited. 2004. https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=8c6gkbKi-F4C
CR  - [18]	Train KE. Discrete choice methods with simulation. 2 ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511805271
CR  - [19]	Krishnamoorthy K, Mahalingam M. Selection of a suitable method for the preparation of polymeric nanoparticles: Multi-criteria decision making approach. Adv Pharm Bull. 2015;5(1):57-67. https://doi.org/10.5681/apb.2015.008
CR  - [20]	Saaty TL. An exposition on the ahp in reply to the paper "remarks on the analytic hierarchy process". Manag Sci. 1990;36(3):259-268. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2631947
CR  - [21]	Saaty TL. How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process. Eur J Operation Res. 1990;48(1):9-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(90)90057-I
CR  - [22]	Forman EH, Gass SI. The analytic hierarchy process: An exposition. Operation Res. 2001;49(4):469-486, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3088581
CR  - [23]	Albayrak E, Erensal Y. Using analytic hierarchy process (ahp) to improve human performance: An application of multiple criteria decision making problem: Intelligent manufacturing systems: Vision for the future (guest editors: Ercan öztemel, cemalettin kubat and harun taşkin). J Intell Manuf. 2004;15. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JIMS.0000034112.00652.4c
CR  - [24]	Zahedi F. The analytic hierarchy process: A survey of the method and its applications. Interfaces. 1986;16(4):96-108. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25060854
CR  - [25]	Effiong D, Alozie M, Uwah T, Akpabio E. Oral films: Expanding the oral delivery technique, basics, challenges and current trends. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2019;8:66-91. https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpps20193-13174
CR  - [26]	Effiong D, Umoh R, Elijah A, Ime S, Ini U. The oral film delivery-application of nanotechnology and potential in medication adherence. GSC Biol Pharm Sci. 2020;11:34-51.https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2020.11.3.0154
CR  - [27]	Arya A, Chandra A, Sharma V, Pathak K. Fast dissolving oral films: An innovative drug delivery system and dosage form. Int  J Chem Tech Res. 2010;2(1):576-583.
CR  - [28]	Bülbül EÖ PA, Özsoy Y. New dosage forms: Oral films. Literatür Ecz Bil Derg. 2019;8(3):171-184. https://doi.org/10.5336/pharmsci.2019-70648
CR  - [29]	Mahboob MH, Riaz T, Jamshaid M, Bashir I, Zulfiqar S. Oral films: A comprehensive review. IntCurr Pharm J. 2016; 5:111-117. https://doi.org/10.3329/ICPJ.V5I12.30413
CR  - [30]	Hanif M, Zaman M, Chaurasiya V. Polymers used in buccal film: A review. Des Mono Poly. 2015;18(2):105-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2014.971389
CR  - [31]	Van der Merwe J, Steenekamp J, Steyn D, Hamman J. The role of functional excipients in solid oral dosage forms to overcome poor drug dissolution and bioavailability. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(5):393. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12050393
CR  - [32]	Deng L, Kang X, Liu Y, Feng F, Zhang H. Characterization of gelatin/zein films fabricated by electrospinning vs solvent casting. Food Hydrocoll. 2018;74:324-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.08.023
CR  - [33]	Lim SH, Kathuria H, Tan JJY, Kang L. 3D printed drug delivery and testing systems — a passing fad or the future? Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2018;132:139-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2018.05.006
CR  - [34]	Takkalkar P, Tobin MJ, Vongsvivut J, Mukherjee T, Nizamuddin S, Griffin G, Kao N. Structural, thermal, rheological and optical properties of poly(lactic acid) films prepared through solvent casting and melt processing techniques. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng. 2019; 104:293-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2019.08.018
CR  - [35]	Karki S, Kim H, Na S-J, Shin D, Jo K, Lee J. Thin films as an emerging platform for drug delivery. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2016;11(5):559-574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2016.05.004
CR  - [36]	Enyinda CI. Managing risk in pharmaceutical global supply chain outsourcing: Applying analytic hierarchy process model. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing: North Dakota State University; 2008,
CR  - [37]	Shah N. Pharmaceutical supply chains: Key issues and strategies for optimisation. Comput Chem Eng. 2004;28(6):929-941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2003.09.022
CR  - [38]	Astanti RD, Mbolla SE, Ai TJ. Raw material supplier selection in a glove manufacturing: Application of ahp and fuzzy ahp. Decis Sci Lett. 2020;9:291-312. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.dsl.2020.5.005
CR  - [39]	Chandran B, Golden B, Wasil E. Linear programming models for estimating weights in the analytic hierarchy process. Comput Operation Res. 2005;32(9):2235-2254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2004.02.010
CR  - [40]	Ishizaka A, Pearman C, Nemery P. Ahpsort: An ahp-based method for sorting problems. Int J Prod Res. 2012;50(17):4767-4784. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2012.657966
CR  - [41]	Chen L-H, Hung C-C. An integrated fuzzy approach for the selection of outsourcing manufacturing partners in pharmaceutical r&d. Int J Prod Res. 2010;48(24):7483-7506. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540903365308
CR  - [42]	Kaur P, Garg R. Oral dissolving film: Present and future aspects. J Drug Deliv Therap. 2018;8:373-377. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2050
CR  - [43]	Wątróbski J, Ziemba P, Jankowski J, Zioło M. Green energy for a green city—a multi-perspective model approach. Sustainability. 2016; 8(8):702.  https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/8/8/702
CR  - [44]	Cebi S, Gündoğdu FK, Kahraman C. Consideration of reciprocal judgments through decomposed fuzzy analytical hierarchy process: A case study in the pharmaceutical industry. Appl Soft Comput. 2023;134:110000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2023.110000
CR  - [45]	Arslan M. Application of ahp method for the selection of pharmaceutical warehouse location. Ankara Uni Ecz Fak Derg. 2020;44(2): 253-264. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.709528:253-264.https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.709528
CR  - [46]	Saaty TL. The analytic hierarchy process: Decision making in complex environments. In: Avenhaus R, Huber RK, editors. Quantitative assessment in arms control: Mathematical modeling and simulation in the analysis of arms control problems. Boston, MA: Springer US. 1984, pp. 285-308. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2805-6_12
CR  - [47]	Saaty T, Vargas L. The Seven Pillars of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. In: Köksalan, M., Zionts, S. (eds) Multiple Criteria Decision Making in the New Millennium. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, vol 507. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 27-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1665-1_2
CR  - [48]	Saaty TL. Fundamentals of the analytic hierarchy process. In: Schmoldt DL, Kangas J, Mendoza GA, Pesonen M, editors. The analytic hierarchy process in natural resource and environmental decision making. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. 2001, pp. 15-35.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9799-9_2
CR  - [49]	Elahi F, Muqtadir A, Anam S, Mustafiz K. Pharmaceutical product selection: Application of ahp. Int J Bus Manag. 2017;12:193. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n8p193
CR  - [50]	Pathare YS, Hastak VS, Bajaj AN. Polymers used for fast disintegrating oral films: A review. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2013;21:169-178.
CR  - [51]	RxMediaPharm. 2023.
UR  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jrespharm/issue//1690097
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4831729
ER  -