TY  - JOUR
T1  - Formulation of an anti-aging cream containing Alteromonas ferment extract and evaluation of the effect on collagen concentration
AU  - Gedik, Gülşah
PY  - 2025
DA  - June
JF  - Journal of Research in Pharmacy
JO  - J. Res. Pharm.
PB  - Marmara University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2630-6344
SP  - 903
EP  - 912
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
LA  - en
AB  - This study relates to the Alteromonas ferment extract, a by-product of a marine bacteria, Alteromonasmacleodii, is used in anti-aging cream formulation. Alteromonas ferment extract is an innovative anti-pollutioningredient that chelates heavy metals and has non-toxic anionic polysaccharides, which are used as thickening orstructuring agent in tissue engineering, wound management or drug delivery applications. Aging is a physiologicalprocess, it is undesirable especially on the skin. Aging leads to weakening of facial muscles and loss of subcutaneousfat and skin laxity, along with wrinkles, prominent lines and sagging skin. Changes in collagen play an important rolein reducing skin elasticity. In this case, fibroblast decreases, matrix metalloproteinase increases (responsible for collagenbreakdown), and glycosaminoglycans decrease. The objective of the study was to evaluate effects of the anti-agingcosmetic face cream including Alteromonas ferment extract on human dermal fibroblast cells. The outcomes of thecharacterization analysis have indicated the development of a successful cream formulation with optimumcharacteristics. No microbial growth was observed. Given the results obtained in the tested conditions, the anti- agingcream is not cytotoxic against fibroblasts 0.5% or less concentration. The dilutions of 0.1% and 0.2% were chosen forevaluation of collagen concentration, because they were the most appropriate concentrations in terms of solubility andlack of cytotoxicity. The treatment with anti-aging cream formulation at 0.1% and 0.2% increased collagen synthesis57% and 67%, respectively in cell culture.
KW  - Alteromonas ferment extract
KW  - anionic polysaccharides
KW  - collagen synthesis
KW  - anti-aging cream
KW  - skin aging
CR  - Khan SS, Singer BD, Vaughan DE. Molecular and physiological manifestations and measurement of aging in humans.
Aging Cell. 2017;16(4):624–633. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12601
CR  - Singh R, Barden A, Mori T, Beilin L. Advanced glycation end-products: A review. Diabetologia. 2001;44(2):129–146.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250051591
CR  - Friedman O. Changes associated with the aging face. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2005;13(3):371–380.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2005.04.004
CR  - Fore J. A review of skin and the effects of aging on skin structure and function. Ostomy Wound Manage.
2006;52(9):24–35.
CR  - Schroeder P, Lademann J, Darvin M E, Stege H, Marks C, Bruhnke S, Krutmann J. Infrared radiation-induced matrix
metalloproteinase in human skin: Implications for protection. J Invest Dermatol. 2008;128(10):2491–2497.
https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2008.116
CR  - Ghersetich I, Lotti T, Campanile G, Grappone C, Dini G. Hyaluronic acid in cutaneous intrinsic aging. Int J Dermatol.
1994;33(2):119–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1994.tb01540.x
CR  - Puri P, Nandar SK, Kathuria S, Ramesh V. Effects of air pollution on the skin: A review. Indian J Dermatol Venereol
Leprol. 2017;83(4):415–423. https://doi.org/10.4103/0378-6323.199579
CR  - Risom L, Møller P, Loft S. Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage by particulate air pollution. Mutat Res. 2005; 592(1–
2):119–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.06.012
CR  - Panich U, Sittithumcharee G, Rathviboon N, Jirawatnotai S. Ultraviolet radiation-induced skin aging: the role of DNA
damage and oxidative stress in epidermal stem cell damage mediated skin aging. Stem Cells Int. 2016; 7370642.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7370642
CR  - Villa MT, White LE, Alam M, Yoo SS, Walton RL. Barbed sutures: a review of the literature. Plast Reconstr Surg.
2008;121(3):102e–108e. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000299452.24743.65
CR  - Brandt F, Cazzaniga A, Ballin A. Hyaluronic acid gel fillers in the management of facial aging. Clin Interv Aging.
2008;3(1):153–159. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S2135
CR  - Narins RS, Bowman PH. Injectable skin fillers. Clin Plast Surg. 2005; 32(2):151–162.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2004.12.002
CR  - Chin J, Jiang BC, Mufidah I, Persada SF, Noer BA. The Investigation of Consumers’ Behavior Intention in Using
Green Skincare Products: A Pro-Environmental Behavior Model Approach. Sustainability. 2018; 10(11):3922.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su10113922
CR  - Casillo A, Lanzetta R, Parrilli M, Corsaro M M. Exopolysaccharides from marine and marine extremophilic bacteria:
structures, properties, ecological roles and applications. Mar. Drugs 2018; 16(2): 69.
https://doi.org/10.3390/md16020069
CR  - Shen S, Chen X, Shen Z, Chen H. Marine polysaccharides for wound dressings application: an overview.
Pharmaceutics, 2021; 13(10): 1666. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101666
CR  - Concórdio-Reis P, Ferreira SS, Alves VD, Mopper X, Guézennec J, Coimbra M.A, Reis MAM, Freitas F. Rheological
characterization of the exopolysaccharide produced by Alteromonas macleodii mo 169. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2023;
227: 619–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.117
CR  - Zhang Z, Cai R, Zhang W, Fu Y, Jiao N. A novel exopolysaccharide with metal adsorption capacity produced by a
marine bacterium Alteromonas sp. JL2810. Mar. Drugs. 2017; 15(6): 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15060175
CR  - Borel M, Lamarque E, Loing E. Unique natural exopolysaccharides for biomimetic protective effect against urban
pollution Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2017; 68(1):126–132.
CR  - Garre A, Martinez-Masana G, Piquero-Casals J, Granger C. Redefining face contour with a novel anti-aging cosmetic
product: an open-label, prospective clinical study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2017; 13(10):473-482.
https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S148597
CR  - Wang C, Ga, X, Chen Z, Chen Y, Chen H. Preparation, characterization and application of polysaccharide-based
metallic nanoparticles: A review. Polymers. 2017; 9(12): 689. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym9120689
CR  - Concórdio-Reis P, Alves VD, Moppert X, Guézennec J, Freitas F, Reis MAM. Characterization and biotechnological
potential of extracellular polysaccharides synthesized by Alteromonas strains isolated from French Polynesia marine
environments. Mar. Drugs. 2021; 19(9): 522. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19090522
CR  - Guézennec J, Moppert X, Raguénès G, Richert L, Costa B, Simon-Colin C. Microbial mats in French Polynesia and
their biotechnological applications. Process. Biochem. 2011; 46:16–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2010.09.001
CR  - Shafiq-un-Nabi S, Shakeel F, Talegaonkar S, Ali J, Baboota S, Ahuja A, Khar RK, Ali M. Formulation development
and optimization using nanoemulsion technique: A technical note. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2007; 8(2): E12–7.
https://doi.org/10.1208/pt0802028
CR  - Terescenco D, Picard C, Clemenceau F, Grisel M, Savary G. Influence of the emollient structure on the properties of
cosmetic emulsion containing lamellar liquid crystals. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2018; 536: 10–19.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.08.017Get rights and content
CR  - Lukić M, Pantelić I, Savić SD. Towards optimal pH of the skin and topical formulations: From the current state of the
art to tailored products. Cosmetics. 2021; 83(3): 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8030069
CR  - Gedik G Alaca S. Evaluation of the effect of anti-pollution & anti-aging eye cream on the collagen contraction.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology. 2020; 1 (1): 13-17. https://doi.org/10.37662/jpt.2020.2
CR  - Park RM, Ji Ahn JY, Kim SY, Wee JH, Kim YH, Jiho Min J. Effect of alginate oligosaccharides on collagen expression
in HS 27 human dermal fibroblasts. J Toxicol Environ Health Sci. 2019; 11: 327-334.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13530-019-0421-5
CR  - Velnar T, Bailey T, Smrkolj V. The wound healing process: an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms. J.
Int. Med. Res. 2015; 37: 1528–1542. https://doi.org/10.1177/147323000903700
CR  - Lee BM, Park SJ, Noh I, Kim CH. The effects of the molecular weights of hyaluronic acid on the immune responses.
Biomater Res. 2021; 25: 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-021-00228-4
CR  - Ruoslahti E, Yamaguchi Y. Proteoglycans as modulators of growth factor activities. Cell. 1991; 64(5):867-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(91)90308-L
CR  - Senni K, Pereira J, Gueniche F, Delbarre-Ladrat C, Sinquin C, Ratiskol J, Godeau G, Fischer AM, Helley D, Colliec-
Jouault S. Marine polysaccharides: a source of bioactive molecules for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Mar.
Drugs. 2011; 9(9): 1664-1681. https://doi.org/10.3390/md9091664
CR  - Matou S, Colliec-Jouault S, Galy-Fauroux I, Ratiskol J, Sinquin C, Guezennec J, Fischer AM, Helley D. Effect of an
oversulfated exopolysaccharide on angiogenesis induced by fibroblast growth factor-2 or vascular endothelial
growth factor in vitro. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2005; 69,751–759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2004.11.021
CR  - Ruiz-Velasco C, Baud'Huin M, Duplomb S, Colliec-Jouault S, Heymann D, Padrines M. Effects of a sulphated
exopolysaccharide produced by Alteromonas infernus on rat bon cells. Glycobiology. 2011;21(6):781-95.
https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cwr002
CR  - Sahana TG, Rekha PD. A bioactive exopolysaccharide from marine bacteria Alteromonas sp. PRIM-28 and its role in
cell proliferation and wound healing in vitro, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2019; 131: 10-18.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.048
CR  - Singh RP, Shukla MK, Mishra A, Kumari P, Reddy CRK, Jha B. Isolation and characterization of exopolysaccharides
from seaweed associated bacteria Bacillus licheniformis. Carbohydr. Polym. 2011; 84(3):1019-1026.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.12.061
CR  - Insulkar P, Kerkar S, Lele SS. Purification and structural-functional characterization of an exopolysaccharide from
Bacillus licheniformis PASS26 with in-vitro antitumor and wound healing activities. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2018;
120(Pt B), 1441–1450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.147
CR  - Jiang Z, Ueno M, Nishiguchi T, Abu R, Isaka S, Okimura T, Yamaguchi K, Oda T. Importance of sulfate groups for
the macrophage-stimulating activities of ascophyllan isolated from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum.
Carbohydr. Res. 2013; 380: 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2013.05.018
CR  - Gedik G. Formulation and evaluation of intimate wash containing manuka oil and salix bark extract. J.Res.Pharm.
2022; 26(5): 1252-1260.
CR  - Nazlı H, Gedik G. In-vitro evaluation of dendrimeric formulation of oxaliplatin. Pharm Dev Technol. 2021
Sep;26(7):750-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/10837450.2021.1944205
UR  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jrespharm/issue//1691302
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4836320
ER  -