TY  - JOUR
T1  - Histopathological changes in the testes of Albino rat exposed to Endosulfan
AU  - Mayea, Noor Al-huda R.
AU  - Haba, Mukhtar K.
PY  - 2025
DA  - June
Y2  - 2024
DO  - 10.12991/jrespharm.1693756
JF  - Journal of Research in Pharmacy
JO  - J. Res. Pharm.
PB  - Marmara University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2630-6344
SP  - 928
EP  - 936
VL  - 29
IS  - 3
LA  - en
AB  - Despite its extremely harmful effects, endosulfan, an organochlorine insecticide, is a commonly used pesticide in agriculture. Consequently, the study's goal was to ascertain how endosulfan affected the albino rats' testes' histology and the effect of that pesticide on the levels of testosterone. The present study was conducted on 32 male albino rats that divided into four groups, control group and three other groups who were administered endosulfan orally at low, medium, and high doses (3.5, 7, and 10.5 mg/kg), respectively for a duration of 15, 30, and 45 days. Results obtained in the current research revealed that there was a significant reduction in the levels of testosterone with an increase in the dose and the duration of exposure to endosulfan with a generation of macrovaculation germinal epithelial cells, degeneration, necrosis, atrophy of certain tubules revealing aspermia and edema, and seminiferous tubule lining cell sloughing. Hormonal properties were also affected by endosulfan treatment. In conclusion, endosulfan after 15, 30 and 45 days of exposure caused significant damage and was harmful to testicular tissue. The current result concludes that hormonal imbalances and oxidative stress may be involved in the harmful effect's process.
KW  - Endosulfan
KW  - histological changes
KW  - pesticides
KW  - testes
KW  - testosterone
CR  - [1] Mostafalou S, Abdollahi M. Pesticides and human chronic diseases: evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 ;268(2):157-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.025
CR  - [2] Kim KH, Kabir E, Jahan SA. Exposure to pesticides and the associated human health effects. Sci Total Environ. 2017;575:525-535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.009
CR  - [3] Combarnous Y. Endocrine Disruptor Compounds (EDCs) and agriculture: The case of pesticides. C R Biol. 2017;340(9-10):406-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2017.07.009
CR  - [4] Crain DA, Janssen SJ, Edwards TM, Heindel J, Ho SM, Hunt P, Iguchi T, Juul A, McLachlan JA, Schwartz J, Skakkebaek N, Soto AM, Swan S, Walker C, Woodruff TK, Woodruff TJ, Giudice LC, Guillette LJ Jr. Female reproductive disorders: The roles of endocrine-disrupting compounds and developmental timing. Fertil Steril. 2008;90(4):911-940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.067.
CR  - [5] Varayoud J, Ramos JG, Muñoz-de-Toro M, Luque EH. Long-lasting effects of neonatal bisphenol A exposure on the implantation process. Vitam Horm. 2014;94:253-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800095-3.00010-9
CR  - [6] Ghuman SPS, Ratnakaran U, Bedi JS, Gill JPS. Impact of pesticide residues on fertility of dairy animals: A review. Indian J Anim Sci.2013;83(12):1243-1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v83i12.35789
CR  - [7] Altinok I, Capkin E. Histopathology of rainbow trout exposed to sublethal concentrations of methiocarb or endosulfan. Toxicol Pathol. 2007;35(3):405-410. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230701230353
CR  - [8] Menezes RG, Qadir TF, Moin A, Fatima H, Hussain SA, Madadin M, Pasha SB, Al Rubaish FA, Senthilkumaran S. Endosulfan poisoning: An overview. J Forensic Leg Med. 2017;51:27-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2017.07.008
CR  - [9] Moon YS, Jeon HJ, Nam TH, Choi SD, Park BJ, Ok YS, Lee SE. Acute toxicity and gene responses induced by endosulfan in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Chem Spec Bioavailab. 2016;28(1-4): 103-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2016.1198681
CR  - [10] Kim EJ, Park YM, Park JE, Kim JG. Distributions of new Stockholm Convention POPs in soils across South Korea. Sci Total Environ. 2014;476-477:327-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.034
CR  - [11] Devi NL, Yadav IC, Raha P, Shihua Q, Dan Y. Spatial distribution, source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of residual organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the Himalayas. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015;22(24):20154-20166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5237-5
CR  - [12] Moreira S, Silva R, Carrageta DF, Alves MG, Seco-Rovira V, Oliveira PF, de Lourdes Pereira M. Carbamate pesticides: Shedding light on their impact on the male reproductive system. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(15):8206. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijms23158206
CR  - [13] Moreira S, Pereira SC, Seco-Rovira V, Oliveira PF, Alves MG, Pereira ML. Pesticides and male fertility: A dangerous crosstalk. Metabolites. 2021;11(12):799. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmetabo11120799
CR  - [14] Dalsenter PR, Dallegrave E, Mello JR, Langeloh A, Oliveira RT, Faqi AS. Reproductive effects of endosulfan on male offspring of rats exposed during pregnancy and lactation. Hum Exp Toxicol. 1999;18(9):583-589. https://doi.org/10.1191/096032799678845124
CR  - [15] Sinha N, Adhikari N, K Saxena D. Effect of endosulfan during fetal gonadal differentiation on spermatogenesis in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2001;10(1-2):29-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1382-6689(01)00066-7.
CR  - [16] Sebastian R, Raghavan SC. Exposure to Endosulfan can result in male infertility due to testicular atrophy and reduced sperm count. Cell Death Discov. 2015;1:15020. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.20
CR  - [17] Sharma A, Kaninathan A, Dahal S, Kumari S, Choudhary B, Raghavan SC. Exposure to endosulfan can cause long term effects on general biology, including the reproductive system of mice. Front Genet. 2022;13:1047746. https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffgene.2022.1047746
CR  - [18] Nath A, Anshu AK, Priyanka CKS, Behera S, Singh JK. Endosulfan induced oxidative stress and biochemical changes in testes of mice. Eur J Pharm Med Res. 2016; 3: 600-603.
CR  - [19] Orta Yilmaz B, Korkut A, Erkan M. Sodium fluoride disrupts testosterone biosynthesis by affecting the steroidogenic pathway in TM3 Leydig cells. Chemosphere. 2018;212:447-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.112
CR  - [20] Eacker SM, Agrawal N, Qian K, Dichek HL, Gong EY, Lee K, Braun RE. Hormonal regulation of testicular steroid and cholesterol homeostasis. Mol Endocrinol. 2008;22(3):623-635. https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2006-0534
CR  - [21] Koç ND, Kayhan FE, Sesal NC, Contuk G. Histological and biochemical effects of endosulfan and malathion on rat testis. Fresenius Environ Bull. 2008;17:2262-2265.
CR  - [22] Singh SK, Pandey RS. Gonadal toxicity of short term chronic endosulfan exposure to male rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 1989;27(4):341-346.
CR  - [23] Sinha P, Verma P, Kumar A, Nath A. Testicular atrophy in mice (Mus musculus) under sublethal doses of endosulfan. J Ecophysiol Occup Health. 2004;4(3-4):191-196.
CR  - [24] Singh JK, Nath A, Kumar A, Ali MD, M, Kumar R. Study on the effect of endosulfan on testosterone level and seminiferous tubule of testis of mice. World J Envir Poll. 2011;1: 1-4.
CR  - [25] Walczak-Jedrzejowska R, Wolski JK, Slowikowska-Hilczer J. The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in male fertility. Cent European J Urol. 2013;66(1):60-67. https://doi.org/10.5173/ceju.2013.01.art19
CR  - [26] Turner TT, Lysiak JJ. Oxidative stress: A common factor in testicular dysfunction. J Androl. 2008;29(5):488-498. https://doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.108.005132
CR  - [27] Chainy GB, Samantaray S, Samanta L. Testosterone-induced changes in testicular antioxidant system. Andrologia. 1997;29(6):343-349. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.1997.tb00328.x
CR  - [28] Aziz ZW, Saeed MG, Tawfeeq KT. Formalin versus bouin solution for rat testicular tissue fixation: A histochemical and immunohistochemical evaluation. Int J Med Toxicol Forensic Med. 2023; 13(2): 40267. https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i2.40267
CR  - [29] Aldafaay AAA, Abdulamir HA, Abdulhussain HA, Badry AS, Abdulsada AK. The use of urinary α-amylase level in a diagnosis of chronic renal failure. Res J Pharm Technol. 2021; 14(3):1597-1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2021.00283.3
UR  - https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1693756
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4845434
ER  -