TY - JOUR T1 - The Russian Resilience Against Sanctions: The Roles of Proactive Policies and External Geopolitical Factors TT - Yaptırımlara Karşı Dirençte Küresel Politik Dinamiklerin ve Rusya'nın Proaktif Politikalarının Etkileri AU - Aslan, Murat AU - Aslan, Halil Kürşad PY - 2025 DA - June Y2 - 2024 DO - 10.12658/M0761 JF - İnsan ve Toplum JO - IVT PB - İlmi Etüdler Derneği WT - DergiPark SN - 2146-7099 SP - 32 EP - 56 VL - 15 IS - 2 LA - en AB - This study examines the effectiveness of economic sanctions imposed on Russia by the United States and its Western allies following the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Although designed to exert significant economic and political pressure, the impact of these sanctions has been undermined by several factors. Using a case study methodology, this research constructs an analytical framework to explore the relatively limited effectiveness of the sanctions. First, it highlights Russia’s strategic use of internal and external policy tools as a critical factor in mitigating their impact. Second, global political dynamics—such as China’s emergence as a counterbalance to the United States and India’s growing regional influence—act as “pull factors” that weaken the sanctions’ effectiveness. Third, facilitators within the global financial system, including rising oil prices, the declining dominance of the U.S. dollar, and gray areas in global financial governance, have further reduced their impact. While the sanctions have imposed significant economic costs on Russia, these factors collectively explain their failure to achieve their intended objectives. The findings underscore the importance of accounting for complex global dynamics when assessing the effectiveness of economic sanctions. KW - Sanctions KW - Russia KW - US KW - China KW - Energy N2 - Bu çalışma, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Batılı müttefikleri tarafından 2014’te Kırım’ın ilhakı ve 2022’de Ukrayna’nın işgalinin ardından Rusya’ya uygulanan ekonomik yaptırımların etkinliğini incelemektedir. Bu yaptırımlar, Rusya üzerinde önemli ekonomik ve politik baskı oluşturmayı amaçlarken, etkileri çeşitli faktörlerle sınırlanmıştır. Vaka çalışması metodolojisini referans alarak, bu çalışma yaptırımların nispeten düşük etkisinin araştırmak için analitik bir çerçeve oluşturmaktadır. İlk olarak, Rusya’nın iç ve dış politika araçlarını stratejik bir şekilde kullanması, yaptırımların etkisini azaltan temel bir faktör olarak öne çıkmaktadır. İkinci olarak, Çin’in Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ne karşı bir denge unsuru olarak yükselişi ve Hindistan’ın Asya’daki artan önemi gibi küresel siyasi dinamikler, yaptırımların etkinliğini azaltan “çekim faktörleri” olarak işlev görmektedir. 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Economic Analysis Review, 22(1), 100-115. https://doi.org/10.1234/ear.2021.23456 UR - https://doi.org/10.12658/M0761 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4936280 ER -