TY - JOUR T1 - Bilateral Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis: Risk Factors and Prognosis TT - Bilateral İnternal Karotis Arter Darlıkları: Risk Faktörleri ve Prognozları AU - Ramazanoglu, Leyla AU - Kalyoncu Aslan, Işıl AU - Karagöz, Beyza AU - Canyurt, Kağan AU - Gözke, Eren PY - 2025 DA - August Y2 - 2025 JF - Medical Journal of Western Black Sea JO - Med J West Black Sea PB - Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University WT - DergiPark SN - 2822-4302 SP - 265 EP - 273 VL - 9 IS - 2 LA - en AB - Aim: Internal carotid artery stenosis may lead to ischemic events, temporary/permanent vision loss, and cognitive impairment. The aim ofthis study was to evaluate the association between risk factors for bilateral internal carotid artery stenosis (BICAS) and stroke, fundus findings,and cognitive impairment.Material and Methods: Patients who applied to the neurology outpatient clinic for any reason and were diagnosed with BIKAD by carotiddoppler duplex ultrasonography and/or Computed Tomography Angiography were included in this study. Three groups were created for BICAS: (A) Severe stenosis in both arteries, (B) Severe stenosis in one artery and moderate stenosis in the other, and (C) Moderate stenosisin both arteries. Patients with a history of cerebral ischemic stroke or imaging findings were grouped as symptomatic, while others wereasymptomatic. Those who were able to comply underwent fundus evaluation with an ophthalmoscope and mini-mental state examination(MMSE) by an experienced neurologist. The symptomatic group was also classified as those who received endovascular treatment andthose who followed with the best medical treatment.Results: Eighty-six patients were evaluated. BICAS was higher in patients over 70 years and in males. In addition, patients in groups A andB had a higher risk of stroke. Cognitive impairment, ocular findings, and stenting rate were higher in group A.Conclusion: Cognitive impairment, ocular findings and stroke rates are higher in BICAS patients. Funduscopic examination and MMSEfindings should be taken into consideration as non-invasive methods in the diagnosis of asymptomatic patients, and patients should bereferred for further examination and treatment. KW - Bilateral carotid artery stenosis KW - MMSE KW - cognitive impairment KW - stroke KW - fundoscopic examination N2 - Amaç: İnternal karotis arter darlığı; iskemik olaylar, geçici/kalıcı görme kaybı ve uzun vadede bellek bozuklukları gibi durumlara yol açabilir.Bu çalışmanın amacı bilateral internal karotis arter darlıklarında (BİKAD) risk faktörleri ile inme, fundus bulguları ve bilişsel bozuklukarasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya herhangi bir nedenle nöroloji polikliniğine başvuran ve karotis doppler duplex ultrasonography ve/veya Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Anjiografi ile BİKAD saptananlar alındı. BİKAD için üç grup oluşturuldu: (A) her iki arterde ciddi darlık, (B) birarterde ciddi, diğerinde orta darlık ve (C) her iki arterde orta darlık varlığı. Serebral iskemik inme öyküsü veya görüntüleme bulgusu olanlarsemptomatik, diğerleri asemptomatik olarak kabul edildi. Uyum sağlayabilenlere tecrübeli nöroloji uzmanı tarafından oftalmaskop ile fundusdeğerlendirmesi ve mini-mental test (MMT) yapıldı. Semptomatik grup endovasküler tedavi alanlar ve iyi medikal tedavi ile takip edilenlerolarak da sınıflandırıldı.Bulgular: Çalışmada 86 hasta incelendi. Yetmiş yaş üzerinde ve erkek bireylerde BİKAD görülme oranı daha yüksekti. Bilateral veyatek taraflı ciddi darlığı olan bireylerin inme geçirme riski daha yüksekti. Bilateral ciddi darlık grubunda bilişsel etkilenme, oküler bulgu vestentleme oranı daha yüksekti.Sonuç: BİKAD hastalarında bilişsel etkilenme, oküler bulgu ve inme geçirme oranları daha yüksektir. Asemptomatik hastaların tanınmasındanon-invazif yöntemler olarak fundoskopik muayene ve MMT bulguları dikkate alınmalı, hastalar ileri tetkik ve tedavi için yönlendirilmelidir CR - 1. Naylor R, Rantner B, Darling RC 3rd, Eckstein HH, Giannoukas A, Koelemay MJW, Lindström D, Schermerhorn M, Stone DH. 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UR - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/mjwbs/issue//1735975 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/5027967 ER -