@article{article_1753303, title={Limonene determination in Citrus peel extracts obtained by green supercritical fluid extraction}, journal={Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences}, volume={7}, pages={206–215}, DOI={10.53663/turjfas.1753303}, author={Burgaz, Osman and Yildirim, Ilker and Sana, Ferhat and Baycan, Alper and Sahin Nadeem, Hilal and Polat, Ibrahim}, keywords={Citrus essential oils, Citrus peel, Freeze drying, Limonene, Phenolic compounds, Supercritical fluid extraction}, abstract={This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of essential oils extracted from the peels of four citrus fruit species—mandarin (Citrus reticulata L.), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi L.), lemon (Citrus limon L.), and orange (Citrus sinensis L.)—using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The extracted oils were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The main components and yields of the essential oils were as follows: mandarin oil contained limonene (85.8%), β-myrcene (6.2%), and γ-terpinene (5.1%) with a yield of 6.88%; lemon oil included limonene (79.8%), γ-terpinene (9.5%), and β-pinene (15.1%) with a yield of 5.56%; orange oil consisted predominantly of limonene (98.5%), with minor amounts of γ-terpinene (1.4%) and β-myrcene (1.7%) yielding 7.5%; and grapefruit oil contained limonene (97.9%), linalool (1.5%), and myrcene (1.8%) with a yield of 6.95%.
Limonene was identified as the predominant compound in all four Citrus essential oils, accompanied by relatively high extraction yields. The variation in limonene content among species may be attributed to genetic factors, geographical origin, and seasonal differences, as well as environmental parameters such as soil type and climate. Additionally, postharvest handling, drying conditions, and the plant tissues selected for extraction are likely to influence essential oil composition.}, number={2}, publisher={Burhan ÖZTÜRK}