TY  - JOUR
T1  - Limonene determination in Citrus peel extracts obtained by green supercritical fluid extraction
AU  - Burgaz, Osman
AU  - Yildirim, Ilker
AU  - Sana, Ferhat
AU  - Baycan, Alper
AU  - Sahin Nadeem, Hilal
AU  - Polat, Ibrahim
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.53663/turjfas.1753303
JF  - Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences
JO  - Turk J Food Agric Sci
PB  - Burhan ÖZTÜRK
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2687-3818
SP  - 206
EP  - 215
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
LA  - en
AB  - This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of essential oils extracted from the peels of four citrus fruit species—mandarin (Citrus reticulata L.), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi L.), lemon (Citrus limon L.), and orange (Citrus sinensis L.)—using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The extracted oils were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The main components and yields of the essential oils were as follows: mandarin oil contained limonene (85.8%), β-myrcene (6.2%), and γ-terpinene (5.1%) with a yield of 6.88%; lemon oil included limonene (79.8%), γ-terpinene (9.5%), and β-pinene (15.1%) with a yield of 5.56%; orange oil consisted predominantly of limonene (98.5%), with minor amounts of γ-terpinene (1.4%) and β-myrcene (1.7%) yielding 7.5%; and grapefruit oil contained limonene (97.9%), linalool (1.5%), and myrcene (1.8%) with a yield of 6.95%.Limonene was identified as the predominant compound in all four Citrus essential oils, accompanied by relatively high extraction yields. The variation in limonene content among species may be attributed to genetic factors, geographical origin, and seasonal differences, as well as environmental parameters such as soil type and climate. Additionally, postharvest handling, drying conditions, and the plant tissues selected for extraction are likely to influence essential oil composition.
KW  - Citrus essential oils
KW  - Citrus peel
KW  - Freeze drying
KW  - Limonene
KW  - Phenolic compounds
KW  - Supercritical fluid extraction
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UR  - https://doi.org/10.53663/turjfas.1753303
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/5101098
ER  -