TY - JOUR T1 - Mentha arvensis L. (Kır Nanesi) Örneklerinin Fenolik Bileşik Profili TT - Phenolic Compound Profile of Mentha arvensis L. (Plain Mint) Samples AU - Karadağ, Musa PY - 2025 DA - September Y2 - 2025 JF - Türkiye Teknik Bilimler ve İnovasyon Dergisi JO - TJTSI PB - Igdir University WT - DergiPark SP - 12 EP - 23 VL - 1 IS - 1 LA - tr AB - Bu çalışma, Iğdır iline bağlı Hoşhaber, Halfeli ve Suveren bölgelerinden temin edilen bitkisel örneklerin fenolik bileşik içeriklerinin belirlenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Bitkisel materyallerden elde edilen ekstraktlar, yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografi (HPLC-DAD) yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizlerde klorojenik asit, kafeik asit, o-kumarik asit, t-ferulik asit, rosmarinik asit, kersetin, naringenin, salisilik asit, chrysin ve flavonlar gibi toplam 18 fenolik bileşik incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, çalışmada değerlendirilen tüm örneklerde farklı tür ve miktarlarda fenolik bileşiklerin varlığı saptanmıştır. Özellikle rosmarinik asit ve t-ferulik asit içeriğinin Hoşhaber ve Suveren örneklerinde daha yüksek düzeylerde tespit edilmesi, bu bölgelerdeki bitkilerin potansiyel antioksidan kaynakları olabileceğini göstermektedir. Halfeli örneğinde ise daha sınırlı düzeyde fenolik bileşik tespiti yapılmıştır.Araştırma sonuçları, yerel bitki türlerinin zengin fenolik bileşik profiline sahip olduğunu ortaya koymakta ve bu türlerin farmakolojik, kozmetik ve gıda endüstrisi gibi çeşitli alanlarda değerlendirilebilecek potansiyel doğal kaynaklar olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışma, bölgesel biyolojik çeşitliliğin korunması ve değerlendirilmesine yönelik bilimsel temelli katkılar sunmaktadır. KW - Fenolik bileşikler KW - HPLC-DAD KW - Rosmarinik asit KW - Doğal antioksidanlar KW - Iğdır Florası N2 - This study aims to determine the phenolic compound content of plant samples obtained from the Hoşhaber, Halfeli, and Suveren regions of Iğdır province. Extracts obtained from plant materials were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). A total of 18 phenolic compounds, including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, o-coumaric acid, t-ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, naringin, salicylic acid, chrysin, and flavonoids, were examined in the analyses. According to the findings, the presence of phenolic compounds of different types and amounts was detected in all samples evaluated in the study. In particular, the detection of higher levels of rosmarinic acid and t-ferulic acid in the Hoşhaber and Suveren samples indicates that plants in these regions may be potential sources of antioxidants. In the Halfeli sample, however, phenolic compounds were detected at more limited levels.The research results reveal that local plant species have a rich phenolic compound profile and may be potential natural resources that can be evaluated in various fields such as the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. In this context, the study provides scientifically based contributions to the protection and evaluation of regional biological diversity. CR - Alagawany, M., Abd El-Hack, M. E., Farag, M. R., Gopi, M., Karthik, K., Malik, Y. S., & Dhama, K. (2017). Rosmarinic acid: modes of action, medicinal values and health benefits. Animal Health Research Reviews, 18(2), 167-176. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252317000081 CR - AlAli, M., Alqubaisy, M., Aljaafari, M. N., AlAli, A. O., Baqais, L., Molouki, A., ... & Lim, S. H. E. (2021). Nutraceuticals: Transformation of conventional foods into health promoters/disease preventers and safety considerations. Molecules, 26(9), 2540. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092540 CR - Ćavar Zeljković, S., Šišková, J., Komzáková, K., De Diego, N., Kaffková, K., & Tarkowski, P. (2021). Phenolic compounds and biological activity of selected Mentha species. Plants, 10(3), 550. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10030550 CR - Alam, M., Ahmed, S., Elasbali, A. M., Adnan, M., Alam, S., Hassan, M. I., & Pasupuleti, V. R. (2022). Therapeutic implications of caffeic acid in cancer and neurological diseases. Frontiers in oncology, 12, 860508. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.860508 CR - Albedwawi, F. I. (2024). Polyphenol Profılıng And Bıoactıvıtıes Of Date Seed: A Comparatıve Assessment Of Extractıon Technıques In Dıfferent Date Seed Varıetıes. https://scholarworks.uaeu.ac.ae/all_theses/1267 CR - Anderson, N., & Peiper, H. (1999). The Secrets of Staying Young. Safe Goods Publishing/ATNPu. CR - Aras, A., & Karadağ, M. (2024). Bazı Bitkilerin Sekonder Metabolit İçeriklerinin HPLC ile Analizi. Journal of Agriculture, 7(2), 157-167. https://doi.org/10.46876/ja.1597464 CR - Arif, T. (2015). Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 455-461. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S84765 CR - Arya, S. S., Rookes, J. E., Cahill, D. M., & Lenka, S. K. (2021). Vanillin: A review on the therapeutic prospects of a popular flavouring molecule. Advances in traditional medicine, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-020-00531-w CR - Ayodele Oludemi, T. (2019). Development of cosmeceutical formulations based on mushroom extracts and their individual compounds. https://doi.org/10.14201/gredos.140490 CR - Bahcesular, B., Yildirim, E. D., Karaçocuk, M., Kulak, M., & Karaman, S. (2020). Seed priming with melatonin effects on growth, essential oil compounds and antioxidant activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under salinity stress. Industrial Crops and Products, 146, 112165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112165 CR - Baker, J. T., Borris, R. P., Carté, B., Cordell, G. A., Soejarto, D. D., Cragg, G. M., ... & Tyler, V. E. (1995). Natural product drug discovery and development: new perspectives on international collaboration. Journal of natural products, 58(9), 1325-1357. https://doi.org/10.1021/np50123a003 CR - Balam, F. H., Ahmadi, Z. S., & Ghorbani, A. (2020). Inhibitory effect of chrysin on estrogen biosynthesis by suppression of enzyme aromatase (CYP19): A systematic review. Heliyon, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03557 CR - Benabdallah, A., Rahmoune, C., Boumendjel, M., Aissi, O., & Messaoud, C. (2016). Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of six wild Mentha species (Lamiaceae) from northeast of Algeria. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 6(9), 760-766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.06.016 CR - Bernardini, S., Tiezzi, A., Laghezza Masci, V., & Ovidi, E. (2018). Natural products for human health: an historical overview of the drug discovery approaches. Natural product research, 32(16), 1926-1950. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2017.1356838 CR - Bjørklund, G., Shanaida, M., Lysiuk, R., Butnariu, M., Peana, M., Sarac, I., ... & Chirumbolo, S. (2022). Natural compounds and products from an anti-aging perspective. Molecules, 27(20), 7084. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207084 CR - Boo, Y. C. (2019). p-Coumaric acid as an active ingredient in cosmetics: A review focusing on its antimelanogenic effects. Antioxidants, 8(8), 275. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080275 CR - Budzianowska, A., Banaś, K., Budzianowski, J., & Kikowska, M. (2025). Antioxidants to defend healthy and youthful skin—current trends and future directions in cosmetology. Applied Sciences, 15(5), 2571. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15052571 CR - Burlini, I. (2020). Cereal by-products as source of bioactive molecules for cosmetic applications: a sustainable approach based on eco-pharmacognostic research. CR - Cerqueira, A. F. L. W., de Mello Brandão, H., Tavares, G. D., & Rodarte, M. P. (2024). Ferulic Acid: A Review of Mechanisms of Action, Absorption, Toxicology, Application on Wound Healing. Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 23(4), 205-214. https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715230309592240723105514 CR - Chauhan, D. N., Gupta, M., Sharma, V., & Chauhan, N. S. (Eds.). (2024). Novel Phytopharmaceutical for Management of Disorders. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003326939 CR - Che, C. T., & Zhang, H. (2019). Plant natural products for human health. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(4), 830. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040830 CR - Chen, J., & Lou, W. (2025). Millettia speciosa and By-Products: A Comprehensive Review of Chemical Composition, Bioactivities, Safety, and Industrial Applications. Foods, 14(12), 2035. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14122035 CR - Čižmárová, B., Hubková, B., Tomečková, V., & Birková, A. (2023). Flavonoids as promising natural compounds in the prevention and treatment of selected skin diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(7), 6324. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076324 CR - Contardi, M., Lenzuni, M., Fiorentini, F., Summa, M., Bertorelli, R., Suarato, G., & Athanassiou, A. (2021). Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives formulations for skin damages and disorders: A review. Pharmaceutics, 13(7), 999. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13070999 CR - Cortez, N., Villegas, C., Burgos, V., Cabrera-Pardo, J. R., Ortiz, L., González-Chavarría, I., ... & Paz, C. (2024). Adjuvant properties of caffeic acid in cancer treatment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(14), 7631. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147631 CR - Deepika, & Maurya, P. K. (2022). Health benefits of quercetin in age-related diseases. Molecules, 27(8), 2498. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082498 CR - Dileep, S. A., Dayanand, N. N., & Redasani, V. K. (2024). Skin Aging and Herbal Anti-Aging Serums: A Comprehensive Review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 12(3), 208-213. https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1415 CR - Dixon, R. A., & Paiva, N. L. (1995). Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. The plant cell, 7(7), 1085. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.7.7.1085 CR - Działo, M., Mierziak, J., Korzun, U., Preisner, M., Szopa, J., & Kulma, A. (2016). The potential of plant phenolics in prevention and therapy of skin disorders. International journal of molecular sciences, 17(2), 160. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17020160 CR - Galal, A. M. (2006). Natural product-based phenolic and nonphenolic antimicrobial food preservatives and 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroxybenzene as a highly effective representative: A review of patent literature 2000-2005. Recent patents on anti-infective drug discovery, 1(2), 231-239. https://doi.org/10.2174/157489106777452610 CR - Gasmi, A., Mujawdiya, P. K., Noor, S., Lysiuk, R., Darmohray, R., Piscopo, S., ... & Bjørklund, G. (2022). Polyphenols in metabolic diseases. Molecules, 27(19), 6280. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196280 CR - Ghazi, S. (2022). Do the polyphenolic compounds from natural products can protect the skin from ultraviolet rays?. Results in Chemistry, 4, 100428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100428 CR - Harborne, A. J. (1998). Phytochemical methods a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. springer science & business media. CR - Hu, X., Li, X., Deng, P., Zhang, Y., Liu, R., Cai, D., ... & Bai, W. (2023). The consequence and mechanism of dietary flavonoids on androgen profiles and disorders amelioration. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63(32), 11327-11350. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2090893 CR - Islam, M. M., Nagaraja, S., Hafsa, N. E., Meravanige, G., Asdaq, S. M. B., & Anwer, M. K. (2022). Polyphenol chrysin for management of skin disorders: Current status and future opportunities. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 34(5), 102026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102026 CR - Jana, K., Yin, X., Schiffer, R. B., Chen, J. J., Pandey, A. K., Stocco, D. M., ... & Wang, X. (2008). Chrysin, a natural flavonoid enhances steroidogenesis and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene expression in mouse Leydig cells. Journal of Endocrinology, 197(2), 315-323. https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-07-0282 CR - Kabat, M., Popiół, J., & Gunia-Krzyżak, A. (2024). Cinnamic acid derivatives as potential multifunctional agents in cosmetic formulations used for supporting the treatment of selected dermatoses. Molecules, 29(23), 5806. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29235806 CR - Kafali, M., Finos, M. A., & Tsoupras, A. (2024). Vanillin and Its Derivatives: A Critical Review of Their Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Infective, Wound-Healing, Neuroprotective, and Anti-Cancer Health-Promoting Benefits. Nutraceuticals, 4(4), 522-561. https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals4040030 CR - Karadağ, M. (2024). Phenolic compounds of Rumex acetosella L. collected from two different regions of Iğdır province (Türkiye). Journal of Agriculture, 7(2), 253-260. https://doi.org/10.46876/ja.1597526 CR - Karadağ, M. (2024). Spor Kozmetiğinde Kullanılan Tıbbi Aromatik Bitkiler.(özgür yayınları) https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub596.c2508 CR - Karadağ, M., Güneş, Z., & Çelik, S. (2025). Iğdır’da Yetişen Biberiye (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) Bitkisinden Elde Edilen Uçucu Yağın Kimyasal Kompozisyonu ve Kozmetik Alanındaki Kullanımı. Journal of Agriculture, 8(1), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.46876/ja.1652589 CR - Karan, T., Gonulalan, Z., Erenler, R., Kolemen, U., & Eminagaoglu, O. (2024). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Sambucus ebulus leaves extract: Characterization, quantitative analysis of bioactive molecules, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1296, 136836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.136836 CR - Kaur, J., & Kaur, R. (2022). p-Coumaric acid: A naturally occurring chemical with potential therapeutic applications. Current Organic Chemistry, 26(14), 1333-1349. https://doi.org/10.2174/1385272826666221012145959 CR - Khan, J., Deb, P. K., Priya, S., Medina, K. D., Devi, R., Walode, S. G., & Rudrapal, M. (2021). Dietary flavonoids: Cardioprotective potential with antioxidant effects and their pharmacokinetic, toxicological and therapeutic concerns. Molecules, 26(13), 4021. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134021 CR - Khan, N., Afaq, F., & Mukhtar, H. (2008). Cancer chemoprevention through dietary antioxidants: progress and promise. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 10(3), 475-510. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2007.1740 CR - Khoury, C. K., Amariles, D., Soto, J. S., Diaz, M. V., Sotelo, S., Sosa, C. C., ... & Jarvis, A. (2019). Comprehensiveness of conservation of useful wild plants: An operational indicator for biodiversity and sustainable development targets. Ecological Indicators, 98, 420-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.11.016 CR - Kim, G. D., Park, Y. S., Jin, Y. H., & Park, C. S. (2015). Production and applications of rosmarinic acid and structurally related compounds. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 99, 2083-2092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6395-6 CR - Koçak, M. Z., Karadağ, M., & Çelikcan, F. (2021). Essential oil composition of Salvia officinalis and Rosmarinus officinalis. Journal of Agriculture, 4(1), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.46876/ja.938170 CR - Kulak, M., Jorrín-Novo, J. V., Romero-Rodriguez, M. C., Yildirim, E. D., Gul, F., & Karaman, S. (2021). Seed priming with salicylic acid on plant growth and essential oil composition in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants grown under water stress conditions. Industrial Crops and Products, 161, 113235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.113235 CR - Kumar, P., Verma, A., Ashique, S., Bhowmick, M., Mohanto, S., Singh, A., ... & Haider, T. (2024). Unlocking the role of herbal cosmeceutical in anti-ageing and skin ageing associated diseases. Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 43(3), 211-226. https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2024.2380326 CR - Lange, L., Connor, K. O., Arason, S., Bundgård-Jørgensen, U., Canalis, A., Carrez, D., ... & Vieira, H. (2021). Developing a sustainable and circular bio-based economy in EU: by partnering across sectors, upscaling and using new knowledge faster, and for the benefit of climate, environment &biodiversity, and people & business. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 8, 619066. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.619066 CR - Lucker, A. O. S. (2023). Brackish Groundwater Effects on Biomass, Water Use, Mineral Uptake and Secondary Metabolite Production in Southwestern Halophytes (Master's thesis, New Mexico State University). CR - Luo, C., Zou, L., Sun, H., Peng, J., Gao, C., Bao, L., ... & Sun, S. (2020). A review of the anti-inflammatory effects of rosmarinic acid on inflammatory diseases. Frontiers in pharmacology, 11, 153. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00153 CR - Makhloufi, E. H., Lefahal, M., CAKMAK, Y. S., NIETO, G., & AKKAL, S. (2023). Helosciadium crassipes Koch (Apiaceae) extracts as natural sunscreen and preservative additives. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 15(4), 11639-11639. https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb15411639 CR - Masood, S., Arshad, M. S., Khan, H. M. S., Begum, M. Y., & Khan, K. U. R. (2023). Encapsulation of Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Khip) Extract in Carbomer Based Emulgel for Its Enhanced Antioxidant Effects and Its In Vitro Evaluation. Gels, 9(12), 977. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9120977 CR - Mirza, M. A., Mahmood, S., Hilles, A. R., Ali, A., Khan, M. Z., Zaidi, S. A. A., ... & Ge, Y. (2023). Quercetin as a therapeutic product: evaluation of its pharmacological action and clinical applications—a review. Pharmaceuticals, 16(11), 1631. https://doi.org/10.2174/157489106777452610 CR - Mizgała-Izworska, E. (2022). The role of flavonoids in prevention and treatment of selected skin diseases. Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research, 16(3), 99-107. https://doi.org/10.26444/jpccr/152551 CR - Mohammed, H. A., & Khan, R. A. (2022). Anthocyanins: traditional uses, structural and functional variations, approaches to increase yields and products’ quality, hepatoprotection, liver longevity, and commercial products. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(4), 2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042149 CR - Mohiuddin, A. K. (2019). Skin aging & modern age anti-aging strategies. Int. J. Clin. Dermatol. Res, 7, 209-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.19070/2332-2977-1900052 CR - Naveed, M., Hejazi, V., Abbas, M., Kamboh, A. A., Khan, G. J., Shumzaid, M., ... & XiaoHui, Z. (2018). Chlorogenic acid (CGA): A pharmacological review and call for further research. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy, 97, 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.064 CR - Noor, S., Mohammad, T., Rub, M. A., Raza, A., Azum, N., Yadav, D. K., ... & Asiri, A. M. (2022). Biomedical features and therapeutic potential of rosmarinic acid. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 45(4), 205-228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-022-01378-2 CR - Nunes, A. R., Vieira, Í. G., Queiroz, D. B., Leal, A. L. A. B., Maia Morais, S., Muniz, D. F., ... & Coutinho, H. D. M. (2018). Use of flavonoids and cinnamates, the main photoprotectors with natural origin. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018(1), 5341487. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5341487 CR - Olatunde, A., Mohammed, A., Ibrahim, M. A., Tajuddeen, N., & Shuaibu, M. N. (2022). Vanillin: A food additive with multiple biological activities. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports, 5, 100055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmcr.2022.100055 CR - Özcan, Ö., Aldemir, O., & Karabulut, B. (2020). Flavones (apigenin, luteolin, chrysin) and their importance for health. Mellifera, 20(1), 16-27. CR - Özdenefe, M. S., Kayış, F. B., Erol, Ü. H., & Takcı, A. M. (2024). Phytochemical screening and in vitro biological activity of Amaranthus viridis growing in Northern Cyprus. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 11(3), 592-603. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijsm CR - Păcularu-Burada, B., Cîrîc, A. I., & Begea, M. (2024). Anti-aging effects of flavonoids from plant extracts. Foods, 13(15), 2441. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13152441 CR - Petersen, M., & Simmonds, M. S. (2003). Rosmarinic acid. Phytochemistry, 62(2), 121-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00513-7 CR - Pop, T. D., & Diaconeasa, Z. (2021). Recent advances in phenolic metabolites and skin cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(18), 9707. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189707 CR - Przybylska-Balcerek, A., Szablewski, T., Szwajkowska-Michałek, L., Świerk, D., Cegielska-Radziejewska, R., Krejpcio, Z., ... & Stuper-Szablewska, K. (2021). Sambucus nigra extracts–natural antioxidants and antimicrobial compounds. Molecules, 26(10), 2910. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102910 CR - Rispo, F., De Negri Atanasio, G., Demori, I., Costa, G., Marchese, E., Perera-del-Rosario, S., ... & Grasselli, E. (2024). An extensive review on phenolic compounds and their potential estrogenic properties on skin physiology. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 11, 1305835. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2023.1305835 CR - Rostkowska, E., Poleszak, E., Wojciechowska, K., & Dos Santos Szewczyk, K. (2023). Dermatological management of aged skin. Cosmetics, 10(2), 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10020055 CR - Roychoudhury, S., Sinha, B., Choudhury, B. P., Jha, N. K., Palit, P., Kundu, S., ... & Kesari, K. K. (2021). Scavenging properties of plant-derived natural biomolecule para-coumaric acid in the prevention of oxidative stress-induced diseases. Antioxidants, 10(8), 1205. CR - Saewan, N., & Jimtaisong, A. (2015). Natural products as photoprotection. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 14(1), 47-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12123 CR - Safarova, I. R. (2022). Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives and their biological activity. Processes of Petrochemistry and Oil Refining, 23(1). CR - Santana-Gálvez, J., Cisneros-Zevallos, L., & Jacobo-Velázquez, D. A. (2017). Chlorogenic acid: Recent advances on its dual role as a food additive and a nutraceutical against metabolic syndrome. Molecules, 22(3), 358. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22030358 CR - Shankar, A., Ali, A., Abdullah, H. M., Balaji, J., Kaur, J., Saeed, F., ... & Islam, F. (2024). Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, Therapeutic Potentials, and Food Applications of Rosemary: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 106688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106688 CR - Shin, J. H., & Shin, S. H. (2024). A Comprehensive Review of Naringenin, a Promising Phytochemical with Therapeutic Potential. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 34(12), 2425. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2410.10006 CR - Sigroha, S., Lather, A., & Khatkar, A. (2021). Phenolic acid derivatives as preservatives: synthesis, antioxidant, antimicrobial potential and their preservative effectiveness. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 12, 5526. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.12(10).5526-37 CR - Srivastav, A., Srivastav, Y., Hameed, A., & Ahmad, M. I. (2024). Prevention and cure of dermatology disorders using herbal medications: summary. International Journal of Indigenous Herbs and Drugs, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.46956/ijihd.v9i1.568 CR - Strzępek-Gomółka, M., Gaweł-Bęben, K., & Kukula-Koch, W. (2021). Achillea species as sources of active phytochemicals for dermatological and cosmetic applications. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2021(1), 6643827. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6643827 CR - Sułkowska-Ziaja, K., Grabowska, K., Apola, A., Kryczyk-Poprawa, A., & Muszyńska, B. (2021). Mycelial culture extracts of selected wood-decay mushrooms as a source of skin-protecting factors. Biotechnology Letters, 43, 1051-1061. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-021-03095-0 CR - Suryawanshi, R., Kanoujia, J., Parashar, P., & Saraf, S. (2020). Sericin: A versatile protein biopolymer with therapeutic significance. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 26(42), 5414-5429. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200612165253 CR - Tiwari, A. (2018). Lasers for pigmentation. Aesthetic Dermatology: Current Perspectives. CR - Traubenik, S., Charon, C., & Blein, T. (2024). From environmental responses to adaptation: the roles of plant lncRNAs. Plant Physiology, 195(1), 232-244. https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiae034 CR - Truter, I. (2009). Evidence-based pharmacy practice (EBPP): acne vulgaris. SA Pharmaceutical Journal, 76(3), 12-19. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC82147 CR - Wang, Y. Y., Xu, B. L., Dong, C. M., & Sun, Y. Y. (2023). The nutritional value of Spirulina and utilization research. Life Res, 6(3), 15. https://doi.org/10.53388/LR20230015 CR - Wickramasinghe, U. P. P. (2021). The anti-glycation potential of rice (Doctoral dissertation, Doshisha University). CR - Yahyapour, R., Shabeeb, D., Cheki, M., Musa, A. E., Farhood, B., Rezaeyan, A., ... & Najafi, M. (2018). Radiation protection and mitigation by natural antioxidants and flavonoids: implications to radiotherapy and radiation disasters. Current molecular pharmacology, 11(4), 285-304. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874467211666180619125653 CR - Yan, Y., Li, Q., Shen, L., Guo, K., & Zhou, X. (2022). Chlorogenic acid improves glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, inflammation and microbiota composition in diabetic db/db mice. Frontiers in endocrinology, 13, 1042044. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1042044 CR - Yan, Y., Zhou, X., Guo, K., Zhou, F., & Yang, H. (2020). Use of chlorogenic acid against diabetes mellitus and its complications. Journal of Immunology Research, 2020(1), 9680508. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9680508 CR - Yang, L., Wen, K. S., Ruan, X., Zhao, Y. X., Wei, F., & Wang, Q. (2018). Response of plant secondary metabolites to environmental factors. Molecules, 23(4), 762. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23040762 CR - Yaseen, H. S., Zubair, H. M., Jamal, A., Farrukh, M., Mikrani, R., Shaukat, B., ... & Malik, S. (2024). Naringin: Cardioprotective properties and safety profile in the treatment of diabetes. Fitoterapia, 106011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106011 CR - Yener, I. (2020). Determination of antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticholinesterase, antiurease, antityrosinase, and antielastase activities and aroma, essential oil, fatty acid, phenolic, and terpenoid-phytosterol contents of Salvia poculata. Industrial Crops and Products, 155, 112712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112712 CR - Zaid, A. N., & Al Ramahi, R. (2019). Depigmentation and anti-aging treatment by natural molecules. Current pharmaceutical design, 25(20), 2292-2312. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190703153730 CR - Zhang, M., Swarts, S. G., Yin, L., Liu, C., Tian, Y., Cao, Y., ... & Okunieff, P. (2011). Antioxidant properties of quercetin. In Oxygen transport to tissue XXXII (pp. 283-289). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7756-4_38 CR - Zhang, Y., Heinemann, N., Rademacher, F., Darvin, M. E., Raab, C., Keck, C. M., ... & Meinke, M. C. (2022). Skin care product rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory natural compounds reduces itching and inflammation in the skin of atopic dermatitis patients. Antioxidants, 11(6), 1071. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061071 CR - Zheng, X. Q., Zhang, X. H., Gao, H. Q., Huang, L. Y., Ye, J. J., Ye, J. H., ... & Liang, Y. R. (2024). Green Tea Catechins and Skin Health. Antioxidants, 13(12), 1506. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13121506 CR - Zheng, Y., Wan, M., Chen, H., Ye, C., Zhao, Y., Yi, J., ... & Lai, W. (2013). Clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of an antioxidant optimized 1.5% salicylic acid (SA) cream in the treatment of facial acne: an open, baseline‐controlled clinical study. Skin Research and Technology, 19(2), 125-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.12022 UR - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tjtsi/issue//1771750 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/5184619 ER -