TY  - JOUR
T1  - The impact of epidural steroid injections on pain, function, and psychological outcomes in patients with chronic radicular pain: a prospective cohort study Epidural steroids in radicular pain
TT  - Kronik radiküler ağrılı hastalarda epidural steroid enjeksiyonlarının ağrı, fonksiyon ve psikolojik sonuçlar üzerine etkisi: Prospektif kohort çalışması Epidural steroid enjeksiyonlarının radiküler ağrıda etkisi
AU  - İlhan, Seher
AU  - Sümer Manisalı, Merve
PY  - 2025
DA  - September
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.18663/tjcl.1775834
JF  - Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory
JO  - TJCL
PB  - DNT Ortadoğu Yayıncılık A.Ş.
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2149-8296
SP  - 523
EP  - 531
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
LA  - en
AB  - Aim: Low back pain with radiculopathy due to lumbar disc herniation is a major cause of disability. The outcomes of epidural steroid injections (ESIs), which are commonly performed when conservative therapies fail, are variable, and the effects of psychological factors, including pain catastrophizing, depression, and anxiety, on these outcomes remain underexplored. In this context, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of ESIs on pain severity, functional status, and psychological parameters, and to investigate the correlations between pain reduction and psychosocial outcomes over time.Material and Methods: The sample of this prospective observational cohort study consisted of 50 patients with chronic radicular pain due to lumbar disc herniation who underwent ESIs and were followed up for three months. Patients’ pain intensity, functional disability, psychological status, pain catastrophizing status, and  quality of life were assessed at three time points, i.e., baseline, after one month, and after three months, using numeric rating scale (NRS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), pain catastrophizing scale (PCS), and brief pain inventory (BPI), including BPI relations with others, enjoyment of life, and mood (BPI REM) and BPI walking, activity, and work (BPI WAW) subscales, respectively. Changes in outcomes were analyzed using non-parametric tests, and correlations were evaluated using Spearman’s rho and heatmap analyses. Results: ESIs led to significant improvements in all parameters. Patients’ median NRS score decreased from 8.0 at baseline to 2.0 at both one and three months after they underwent ESI (p
KW  - low back pain
KW  - radiculopathy
KW  - injections
KW  - epidural
KW  - steroids
KW  - catastrophization
KW  - treatment outcome
N2  - Amaç: Lomber disk hernisine bağlı radikülopati ile birlikte bel ağrısı önemli bir sakatlık nedenidir. Konservatif tedavilerin başarısız olduğu durumlarda yaygın olarak uygulanan epidural steroid enjeksiyonlarının (ESE) sonuçları değişkendir ve ağrı felaketleştirmesi, depresyon ve anksiyete gibi psikolojik faktörlerin bu sonuçlar üzerindeki etkileri yeterince araştırılmamıştır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın amacı ESE'lerin ağrı şiddeti, fonksiyonel durum ve psikolojik parametreler üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek ve zaman içinde ağrı azalması ile psikososyal sonuçlar arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu prospektif gözlemsel kohort çalışmasının örneklemi, lomber disk hernisine bağlı kronik radiküler ağrısı olan ve ESE uygulanan, üç ay boyunca takip edilen 50 hastadan oluşmaktadır. Hastaların ağrı yoğunluğu, fonksiyonel yetersizlik, psikolojik durum, ağrı felaketleştirme durumu ve yaşam kalitesi; başlangıç, birinci ay ve üçüncü ayda olmak üzere üç zaman noktasında sırasıyla numerik derecelendirme ölçeği (NRS), Oswestry disabilite indeksi (ODI), hastane anksiyete ve depresyon ölçeği (HADS), ağrı felaketleştirme ölçeği (PCS) ve kısa ağrı envanteri (BPI) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlardaki değişiklikler non-parametrik testler kullanılarak analiz edilmiş, korelasyonlar Spearman's rho ve ısı haritası analizleri ile değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: ESE'ler tüm parametrelerde anlamlı iyileşmelere yol açmıştır. Hastaların medyan NRS skoru başlangıçta 8,0'den ESE sonrası birinci ve üçüncü ayda 2,0'ye düşmüştür (p
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UR  - https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1775834
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/5203162
ER  -