TY  - JOUR
T1  - Synergistic Antimicrobial and Stain-Removal Effects of Multiherbal–Sodium Hexametaphosphate Mouthwash - An in-vitro study
AU  - Annisa, Mutiara
AU  - Harsini, Harsini
AU  - Hendrawati, Hendrawati
PY  - 2026
DA  - July
Y2  - 2026
DO  - 10.7126/cumudj.1777957
JF  - Cumhuriyet Dental Journal
JO  - Cumhuriyet Dent J
PB  - Sivas Cumhuriyet University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 1302-5805
SP  - 216
EP  - 222
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
LA  - en
AB  - Objectives: This study aims to test a mouthwash made with cashew bark and bay leaf extract, along with sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) as stain removal and antimicrobial agent. Materials and methods: A 7% cashew bark extract and 10% bay leaf extract, both prepared through maceration. The mouthwash was split into three groups (n=6): FA (multiherbal extract), FB (multiherbal extract with SHMP), and FC (SHMP only). Teeth were stained in a tea solution made from a 2g black tea bag in 100mL of water for seven days, refreshing the solution daily. After staining, the teeth were soaked in each mouthwash for 90 minutes. Color changes were measured with a chromameter before and after soaking, color difference (ΔE) was calculated. The antimicrobial ability was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The one-way ANOVA and post-hoc LSD test were used as statistical analysis (P=0.05). Results: FB exhibited the highest ΔE value for extrinsic stain removal (24.29±2.19). There are significant differences in ΔE values among the three groups, with FB demonstrating the most pronounced effect (P=0.01). FB produced the largest inhibition zones for both S. aureus (20.25±0.5) and P. aeruginosa (11.25±0.5). The one-way ANOVA and post-hoc LSD test confirmed that FB had the most significant inhibition zone diameter compared to FA and FC. Conclusions: The multi-herbal extract containing cashew bark and bay leaf extract combined with SHMP showed effectiveness in removing tea-extrinsic stained teeth and inhibiting the growth of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.
KW  - anacardium
KW  - antimicrobial
KW  - coloring agents
KW  - syzygium
KW  - mouthwashes
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UR  - https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1777957
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/5213456
ER  -