TY  - JOUR
T1  - The effect of swamp eel (Monopterus albus) extract on hematology profiles and organ function of rats with phenylhydrazine-induced anemia
AU  - Djabir, Yulia Yusrini
AU  - Safitri, Indy
AU  - Nainu, Firzan
AU  - Ismail, Ismail
AU  - Supratman, Nurul F.
AU  - Sriwahyuni, Ririn
PY  - 2025
DA  - November
Y2  - 2024
DO  - 10.12991/jrespharm.1797990
JF  - Journal of Research in Pharmacy
JO  - J. Res. Pharm.
PB  - Marmara University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2630-6344
SP  - 2519
EP  - 2526
VL  - 29
IS  - 6
LA  - en
AB  - Swamp eels (Monopterus albus), known for their high content of proteins, minerals, and vitamins, have potential therapeutic benefits for anemia. This study investigates the impact of swamp eel extract on hematological profiles and serum biomarkers in anemic rats induced by phenylhydrazine (PHZ). Using 96% ethanol, swamp eel extract was prepared and administered to twenty-four female rats divided into four groups: (1) Healthy control, (2) Placebo (PHZ only), (3) PHZ with 200 mg/kg extract, and (4) PHZ with 400 mg/kg extract. Anemia was induced by intraperitoneal PHZ injection over two days. Following confirmation of anemia, swamp eel extract was given orally for seven days. Blood samples were collected before PHZ injection (day 0), after PHZ injection (day 3), and after extract administration (day 10) to evaluate hematological profiles and serum biomarkers. Post-PHZ injection, all rats showed significant reductions in red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (HCT), with increased leukocytes and altered serum biomarkers. After treatment with swamp eel extract, improvements were observed in hematological parameters, such as RBC, although some parameters were not statistically significant compared to the placebo control. The serum biomarkers such as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and urea levels were also significantly improved.
KW  - Swamp eel extract
KW  - hematological profiles
KW  - organ function
KW  - anemia model
KW  - phenylhydrazine
CR  - [1] Chapparo NCV, Suchdev PS. Anemia epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology in low and middle-income countries. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2019; 1450(1): 15-31. https://doi.10.1111/nyas.14092.
CR  - [2] WHO, World Health Organization. 2023. Anemia. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ANEMIA. (accessed July 16, 2024).
CR  - [3] The Ministry of Health the Republic of Indonesia. Guidelines for prevention and control of anemia in adolescent girls and women of childbearing age (Pedoman pencegahan dan penanggulangan anemia pada remaja putri dan wanita usia subur). The Ministry of Health the Republic of Indonesia. Jakarta. Indonesia. 2018.
CR  - [4] Aldhafiri FK. Investigating The role of EPA and DHA in cellular oxidative stress: Profiling antidiabetic and antihypertensive potensial. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2023; 14(4): 178-185. https://doi.10.4103/jpbs.jpbs.383.22.
CR  - [5] Diaz ZB, Domingo JC, Gregorion ED, Manicardi N, Zabalza PA, Cordocilla B, Jorda LA, Ribera MO, Iglesias AF, Mari M, Bosch J, Sancho JG. A nutraceutical rich in docosahexaenoic acid improves portal hypertension in a preclinical model of advanced chronic liver disease. Nutrients J. 2019; 11(10): 2358. https://doi:10.3390/nu11102358.
CR  - [6] Sheth PA, Pawar AT, Mote CS, More C. Antianemic activity of polyherbal formulation, Raktavardhak Kadha against fenilhidrazin-induced anemia in rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2021; 2(2): 340-345. https://doi.org/10.10.16/j.jaim.2021.02.009.
CR  - [7] Saxena G, Singh B, Billen A. Iron, vitamin B12 and folate. Medicine. 2021; 49(4): 193-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2021.01.003.
CR  - [8] Hicks, CC, Cohen PJ, Graham NAJ, Nash KL, Allison EH, D'Lima C, Mills DJ, Roscher M, Thilsted SH, Thorne-Lyman AL, MacNeil MA. Harnessing global fisheries to tackle micronutrient deficiencies. Nature. 2019; 574: 95-98. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1592-6.
CR  - [9] Sabrina N, Rizal M, Nurkolis F, Hardinsyah H, Tanner MJ, Gunawan WB, Handoko MN, Mayulu N, Taslim NA, Puspaningtyas DS, Noor SL, Yusuf VM, Permatasari HK, Radu S. Bioactive peptides identification and nutritional status ameliorating properties on malnourished rats of combined eel and soy-based tempe flour. Front Nutr. 2022;9:963065. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.963065.
CR  - [10] Freeman AM, Rai M, Morando DW. Anemia Screening. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499905/(accessed April 11, 2024).
CR  - [11] Edwards CQ. Anemia and the liver. Hepatobiliary manifestations of anemia. Clin Liver Dis. 2002; 6(4): 891-907. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1089-3261(02)00050-8.
CR  - [12] Poloni JAT, Hickmann FH. AKI in a patient with hemolytic anemia. Kidney360. 2020;1(1):72-73. https://doi.org/10.34067/kid.0000082019.
CR  - [13] Rezvankhah A, Djomeh ZE, Safari M, Askari G, Salami M. Microwafe-assisted extraction of hempseed oil: Studying and comparing of fattty acid composition, antioxidant activity, physiochemical and thermal properties with Soxhlet extraction. Food Sci Technol. 2019; 56(9): 4198-4210. https://doi.10.1007/513197-019-03890-8.
CR  - [14] Rahman N, Hashem S, Akther S, Jothi JS. Impact of various extraction methods on fatty acid profile, physicochemical properties, and nutritional quality index of Pangus fish oil. Food Sci Nutr. 2023; 11(8): 4688-4699. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3431.
CR  - [15] Balacuit JNG, Guillermo JDA, Buenafe RJQ, Soriana AN. Comparison of microwafe-assisted extraction of mango seed kemel oil using ethanol and n-hexane as solvent. ASEAN J Chem Eng. 2021; 21(2): 158-169. https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.63533.
CR  - [16] Piskin E, Cianciosi D, Gulec S, Tomas M, Capanoglu E. Iron absorption: Factors, limitations, and ımprovement methods. ACS Omega. 2022; 7(24): 20441-20456. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c01833.
CR  - [17] Lopes K, Yamaji N, Rahman O, Suto M, Takemoto Y, Garsia-Casal M, Ota E. Nutrition-specific ınterventions for preventing and controlling anemia throughout the life cycle: An overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021; 9(9): CD013092. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013092.pub2.
CR  - [18] Setty BNY, Betal SG, Miller RE, Brown DS, Meier M, Cahill M, Lerner NB, Apollonsky N, Stuart MJ. Relationship of Omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA with the inflammatory biomarker hs-CRP in children with sickle cell anemia. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2019;146:11-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2019.05.004.
CR  - [19] Djabir YY, Arsyad A, Usmar U, Wahyudin E, Arwi H, Rupang IS. The stages of development of liver and renal ınjuries in rats ınduced by fixed dose combination of antituberculosis regimen. FABAD J Pharm Sci. 2020;45(1):29-35.
CR  - [20] Avondt KV, Nur E, Zeerledir S. Mechanisms of heaemolysis-induced kidney injury. Nature Rev Nephrol. 2019; Pp(1-18). https://doi.org/10.1038/541581-019-0181-0.
CR  - [21] Zaimi Y, Ayari M, Mensi A, Chelbi E, Ayadi S, Said Y, Mouelhi L, Debbeche R. Anemia-induced liver injury: A rare case revealing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Clin Case Rep. 2021; 9(4): 2442–2444. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.4061.
CR  - [22] Chauhan SP, Sheth NR, Suhagia BN. Hematinic effect of fruits of Opuntia elatior Mill. on phenylhydrazine-induced anemia in rats. Ayu. 2015; 36(2): 208-213. https://doi:10.4103/0974-8520.
CR  - [23] Ong KL, Marklund M, Huang L, Rye KA, Hui N, Pan XF, Rebholz CM, Kim H, Steffen LM, van Westing AC, Geleijnse JM, Hoogeveen EK, Chen YY, Chien KL, Fretts AM, Lemaitre RN, Imamura F, Forouhi NG, Wareham NJ, Birukov A, Jäger S, Kuxhaus O, Schulze MB, de Mello VD, Tuomilehto J, Uusitupa M, Lindström J, Tintle N, Harris WS, Yamasaki K, Hirakawa Y, Ninomiya T, Tanaka T, Ferrucci L, Bandinelli S, Virtanen JK, Voutilainen A, Jayasena T, Thalamuthu A, Poljak A, Bustamante S, Sachdev PS, Senn MK 2nd, Rich SS, Tsai MY, Wood AC, Laakso M, Lankinen M, Yang X, Sun L, Li H, Lin X, Nowak C, Ärnlöv J, Risérus U, Lind L, Le Goff M, Samieri C, Helmer C, Qian F, Micha R, Tin A, Köttgen A, de Boer IH, Siscovick DS, Mozaffarian D, Wu JH. Association of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with incident chronic kidney disease: pooled analysis of 19 cohorts. BMJ. 2023;380:e072909. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-072909.
CR  - [24] Pandey S, Ganeshpurkar A, Bansal D, Dubey N. Hematopoietic effect of Amaranthus cruentus extract on phenylhydrazine-ınduced toxicity in rats. J Diet Suppl. 2016; 13(6): 607-615. https://doi.org/10.3109/19390211.2016.1155685.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1797990
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/5305378
ER  -