TY - JOUR T1 - A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SUSTAINABLE OZONE TREATED AND TRADITIONALLY WASHED DENIM FABRICS WITH SELECTED PROPERTIES TT - SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR OZONE İŞLEMİ UYGULANMIŞ VE GELENEKSEL OLARAK YIKANMIŞ DENİM KUMAŞLARDA SEÇİLMİŞ ÖZELLİKLER İLE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ÇALIŞMA AU - Alan, Gonca AU - Şevkan Macit, Ayşe AU - Üstün, Sevcan PY - 2026 DA - June Y2 - 2026 DO - 10.7216/teksmuh.1830802 JF - Tekstil ve Mühendis PB - TMMOB Tekstil Mühendisleri Odası WT - DergiPark SN - 1300-7599 SP - 60 EP - 73 VL - 33 IS - 142 LA - en AB - Denim fabrics are one of the most widely used textiles in garment industry due their durable structure and potential of having stylish look via washing processes. Besides traditional methods of denim washing, novel techniques have a great attention as well considering sustainability, time and cost effectiveness. In the present study sodium hypochlorite bleaching and ozone bleaching in differing treatment time and chemical contentration parameters were applied to the denim fabrics. Then the fabrics were conducted to air permeability, tensile strength and elongation, abrasion resistance, bending rigidity, fastness to rubbing and fastness to washing tests via standard methods. Hence, fade effects of the processes on the fabrics and their performance properties were evaluated comparatively through statistical analysis. It was concluded that ozone treatment as an eco-friendly process provided superior results in suitable conditions while not causing a major disadvantage compared to the traditional bleaching of denim fabrics. Especially wet ozone treated fabrics were found to be substitute to NaOCl treated ones in terms of the investigated properties and fading effect evaluations under suitable treatment time and concentration levels. KW - Denim fabric KW - Ozone bleaching KW - Hypochlorite bleaching KW - Sustainability KW - Mechanical properties N2 - Denim kumaşlar, dayanıklı yapıları ve yıkama işlemleriyle şık bir görünüme kavuşma potansiyelleri nedeniyle hazır giyim sektöründe en çok kullanılan tekstil ürünlerinden biridir. Geleneksel denim yıkama yöntemlerinin yanı sıra, sürdürülebilirlik, zaman ve maliyet etkinliği göz önünde bulundurularak yeni teknikler de büyük ilgi görmektedir. Bu çalışmada, farklı işlem süreleri ve kimyasal içerik parametrelerinde sodyum hipoklorit ağartma ve ozone ağartma denim kumaşlara uygulanmıştır. Daha sonra kumaşlara standart yöntemler kullanılarak hava geçirgenliği, kopma mukavemeti, uzama ve aşınma direnci, eğilme rijitliği, sürtme ve yıkama haslığı testleri uygulanmıştır. Böylelikle, işlemlerin kumaşlar üzerindeki solma etkileri ve performans özellikleri istatistiksel analiz yoluyla karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çevre dostu olan ozone işleminin, denim kumaşların geleneksel ağartılmasına kıyasla büyük bir dezavantaja neden olmadan, uygun koşullarda üstün sonuçlar sağlayabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Özellikle uygun süre ve konsantrasyonda yaş ozon işlemine tabi tutulmuş kumaşlar incelenen özellikler ve solma efekti bakımından NaOCl ile işlem görmüş kumaşlara ikame olacak nitelikte bulunmuştur. CR - Hassabo, A. G., Hegazy, B. M., Elmorsy, H., Gamal, N., Sediek, A., Saad, F., Othman, H. (2023). Denim manufacturing and washing as a fashioned garments. Journal of Textiles, Coloration and Polymer Science, 20(2), 203-216. CR - Periyasamy, A. P., Periyasami, S. (2023). Critical review on sustainability in denim: a step toward sustainable production and consumption of denim. ACS omega, 8(5), 4472-4490. CR - Nahid-Ull-Islam, M., Hasan, S. M. M., Chowdhury, M. K. H., Sakib, S. I., Ahamed, S., Sayeed, M. A., Akter, M. (2024). Sustainable approaches of ozone wash and laser fading over conventional denim wash. Tekstilec, 104-118. CR - Khan MKR, Jintun S. (2021) Sustainability Issues of Various Denim Washing Methods. Textile Leather Review. 4(2):96-110. CR - Sarker U. K., N. Kawser, A. Rahim Abdullah et al. (2021). Superiority of Sustainable Ozone Wash Over Conventional Denim Washing Technique, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, (11) 5. CR - Khedher, F., Dhouib, S., Msahli, S., Sakli, F. (2011). Study of the influence of matter and finishing treatments on the denim garment shade. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 23(2-3), 107-118. CR - Hasan, M. Z., Rahaman, M. T., Islam, T., Pranta, A. D. (2021). An empirical analysis of sustainable denim washing technology in the apparel industries. International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, 6(2), 20. CR - Rahaman, M. T., Hasan, M. K., Khan, M. S. H. (2024). Environmental Impact Assessment of Traditional and Sustainable Garments Washing Approaches for Denim Apparels: A Step toward cleaner production and consumption. CR - Khan, M. M. R., Mondal, M. I. H., Uddin, M. Z. (2011). Effect of bleach wash on the physical and mechanical properties of denim Garments. In International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, 3, 18-20. CR - Siddiquee, M. A. B., Moula, A. T. M. G., Saha, J. K., Khan, M. H. K., Kaisar, Z., Roy, A. (2022). Sustainable denim washing by process optimization. Journal of Textile Science and Technology, 8(4), 149-162. CR - Khondoker, B., Shoukat, S., Malitha, S. B., Bristi, U. L. (2026). A comparative study between conventional & sustainable wash by the application EIM software & wash cost: an approach of environmental sustainability aspects. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 28(3), 6905-6942. CR - Rahaman, M., Hasan, M.K.,Khan, M.S.H. (2025), Environmental Impact Measurement And Chromatic Performance Evaluation Of Denim Washing: A comparison to conventional and sustainable approaches for cleaner production. Environ Sci Pollut Res 32, 6110–6129. CR - Ivedi, I., Yagci, K.,Tagaç, E. (2021). Development Of Ecological Denim Bleaching Methods. In International Conference on Textile and Connected R&D Domains (Textehx) (pp. 81-87). CR - Macit, A. Ş. (2025). Evaluation of Sustainable Washing Processes for Fashionable Effects in Denim. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 27(79), 31-37. CR - Shibly, M. A. H., Hoque, M. M., Miah, S. (2021). Development of eco-friendly denim fabric washing by natural resources. International Journal of Textile Science, 10(1), 1-6. CR - Islam, M. M., Islam, M. A., Rokon, M. (2021). Identification of washing process or chemical concentration impacted on the environment most which use in washing factory and find out eco friendly sustainable solutions as a green chemistry alternative. International Journal of Polymer and Textile Engineering, 8(2), 13-22. CR - Ben Hmida, S., Ladhari, N. (2016). Study of parameters affecting dry and wet ozone bleaching of denim fabric. Ozone: Science & Engineering, 38 (3), 175-180. CR - Hamida, S. B., Srivastava, V., Sillanpää, M., Shestakova, M., Tang, W. Z., Ladhari, N. (2017). Eco-friendly bleaching of indigo dyed garment by advanced oxidation processes. Journal of Cleaner Production, 158, 134-142. CR - Atav, R., Gündüz, Ö., Yaz, S. et al. (2024), Eco-Friendly Ozone Process for Denim Garments as an Alternative to Conventional Bleaching, Fibers Polym 25, 2661–2667. CR - Nadeem, N., Zubair, U., Javid, A., Raza, H. S., Hussain, T., & Nawab, Y. (2024). Optimization of closed loop wet ozone process for controlled bleaching of Indigo coloured apparels through central composite design. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 187, 749-761. CR - Benli, H., & Bahtiyari, M. İ. (2015). Combination of ozone and ultrasound in pretreatment of cotton fabrics prior to natural dyeing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 89, 116-124. CR - Nizam, E.Md.E.H., Islam, M., Tanvir, Md.T.R.B., Hossain, M., Mia, B. and Islam, A. (2023) , Effects of O3 Treatment on Different Composition % (Cotton, Polyester, Elastane) of Denim Fabrication , Journal of Textile Science and Technology , 9, 215-226. https://doi.org/10.4236/jtst.2023.94014. CR - Abir BF, Boubaker J. (2021), Effects Of Ozone Treatment On Denim Garment Properties, Coloration Technol.137:678–688. CR - Yiğit İ, Eren S, Karalı R, Yıbar M.F., Eren H.A. (2021), Comparison of the color fading effects of sodium hypochlorite and ozone treatments. Coloration Technol.137:615–624. CR - Kamppuri T, Mahmood S. (2019), Finishing Of Denim Fabrics With Ozone in Water. J Textile Eng Fashion Technol. 5(2):96‒101. CR - Walawska, A., Olak-Kucharczyk, M., Kaczmarek, A., Kudzin, M. H. (2024). Environmentally friendly bleaching process of the cellulose fibres materials using ozone and hydrogen peroxide in the gas phase. Materials, 17(6), 1355. CR - Eren, S., Yetişir, İ. (2018). Ozone bleaching of woven cotton fabric. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(7), 1245-1248. CR - Perincek, S. D., Duran, K., Korlu, A. E., & Bahtiyari, İ. M. (2007). An investigation in the use of ozone gas in the bleaching of cotton fabrics. Ozone: Science and Engineering, 29(5), 325-333. CR - Palabıyık, İ., Körlü, A., & Özçelik, G. (2025). An Analysis of the Efficient Fading Through Ozone Technology and Washing for Denim Fabrics Enhanced with Hemp Fibre. Ozone: Science & Engineering, 47(6), 637-651. CR - Al Ö. F., Sam E., Sarıışık M., Kartal G. E. (2019). Investigation of the Usage of Ozone in Denim Finishing Processes. Advanced Textiles For A Better World, 47. CR - Asim, F., & Mahmood, M. (2017). Effects of process parameters on ozone washing for denim using 33 factorial design. Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology, 36(4), 909-914. CR - https://www.jeanologia.com/tr/g2-super/ CR - Zervent Unal B., Küçük A.D. (2021), Ozonlama Proses Şartlarının Elastansız Denim Kumaşların Yumuşaklık/Sertlik ve Mukavemet Özelliklerine Etkisinin İrdelenmesi. DEÜFMD 23(69), 745-754. CR - TS EN ISO 12947-3. Textiles - Determination Of The Abrasion Resistance Of Fabrics By The Martindale Method - Part 3: Determination Of Mass Loss CR - ISO 13934-1:2013. Textiles- Determinatipn Of Specifies A Procedure To Determine The Maximum Force And Elongation At Maximum Force Of Textile Fabrics Using A Strip Method. CR - TS 391 EN ISO 9237: 1999. Textiles- Determination Of The Permeability Of Fabrics To Air. CR - TSE - TS 1409. Stiffness Determination of Woven Textiles. CR - ISO 105-X12:2016. Textiles - Tests for colour fastnessPart X12: Colour fastness to rubbing. CR - ISO 105-C06:2010. Textiles - Tests for colour fastnessPart C06: Colour fastness to domestic and commercial laundering. CR - Ünal, B. Z., Küçük, A. (2021) Ozonlama Proses Şartlarının Elastansız Denim Kumaşların Yumuşaklık ve Mukavemet Özelliklerine Etkisinin İrdelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 23(69), 745-754. UR - https://doi.org/10.7216/teksmuh.1830802 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/5453817 ER -