TY  - JOUR
TT  - Analyses on Strip Road Networks and Profitability of Final Felling Operations Considering Regeneration Expenses at Nasu in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan
AU  - Aruga, Kazuhiro
PY  - 2016
DA  - December
JF  - European Journal of Forest Engineering
JO  - Eur J Forest Eng
PB  - Forest Engineering and Technologies Platform
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2149-5637
SP  - 74
EP  - 81
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
KW  - Economic balance
KW  - Final felling operation
KW  - Thinning operation
KW  - Site area
KW  - Road network density
N2  - In this study, strip road networks of final felling operations wereinvestigated, and then, effects of areas and road network densities onoperational costs were analyzed. Finally, total revenues and costs during a55-year rotation were estimated and profitability of forest management duringthat rotation was examined. It was found that road network densities of finalfelling operations were significantly greater than those of thinning operationsbecause of avoiding residual tree damage in thinning operations and efficientbunching operations in final felling. Minimum operational expenses of finalfelling operations were less than those of thinning operations. Similar to thethinning operations, lower volumes and greater road network densities increasedoperational expenses; however, differences among minimum operational expensesof final felling operations with various volumes and road network densitieswere smaller than those of thinning operations. Site areas with minimumoperational expenses of final felling operations were smaller than those ofthinning operations. Final felling operations on smaller site areas would beenvironmentally friendly. Total revenues and costs during the 55-year rotationwere USD 77,591.60/ha and USD 73,030.24/ha, respectively. Therefore, economicbalance during the rotation was USD 4,561.36/ha. Because subsidies during therotation were USD 27,542.89/ha, economic balance during the rotation withsubsidies were USD 32,104.25/ha. However, economic balances reduced accordingto the reduced site index. This highlights the current situation in Japaneseforestry, in which many forest owners are unwilling to conduct regenerationoperations after final felling operations.
CR  - Aruga, K., Hiyamizu, G., Nakahata, C. and Saito, M., 2013a. Effects of aggregating forests, establishing forest road networks, and mechanization on operational efficiency and costs in a mountainous region in Japan. Journal of Forestry Research, 24: 747–754.
CR  - Aruga, K., Murakami, A., Nakahata, C., Yamaguchi, R., Saito, M. and Kanetsuki, K., 2013b. A model to estimate available timber and forest biomass and reforestation expenses in a mountainous region in Japan. Journal of Forestry Research, 24: 345–356.
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CR  - Mizuniwa, Y., Aruga, K. and Nakahata, C., 2014. An analysis on the productivity and cost for clear cutting in Nasu-machi forest owners’ cooperative. Kanto Forest Research, 65: 197-200 (in Japanese with English summary).
CR  - Mizuniwa, Y., Uemura, R., Aruga, K. and Nakahata, C., 2015. Examining the profitability of clear-cutting operations in Nasu Forest Owners’ Co-operative, Tochigi prefecture. Bulletin of Utsunomiya University Forest, 51:9–18 (in Japanese with English summary).
CR  - Mizuniwa, Y., Nakahata, C. and Aruga, K., 2016. Comparative analyses on the cycle time, productivity, and cost between commercial thinning and clear-cutting operations in Nasu-machi Forest Owners’ Co-operative, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Forest Research, 21:99–104.
CR  - Murakami, A., Ito, K., Saito, M., Aruga, K. and Tasaka, T., 2011. Extraction of production forests for sustainable forest management based on economic balances in the Kanuma Area of Tochigi Prefecture. Journal of Forest Planning, 10: 245-254.
CR  - Nakahata, C., Aruga, K., Takei, Y., Yamaguchi, R., Ito, K., Murakami, A., Saito, M., Tasaka, T. and Kanetsuki, K., 2011. Improvement on operational efficiencies and costs of extracting thinned woods using a processor and a forwarder in Nasunogahara area: based on comparative analyses of current operations and mechanized operations. Bulletin of Utsunomiya University Forest, 47: 27–34 (in Japanese with English summary).
CR  - Okawabata, O., 2003. An estimation of necessary manpower and cost of reforestation on cedar and cypress. Journal of the Japan Forest Engineering Society, 18: 195–200 (in Japanese).
CR  - Tochigi Prefectural Government, 2011. Forestation program standard unit cost table of fiscal year 2011. Tochigi Prefectural Government, Tochigi (in Japanese).
CR  - Yano, K., 2013. Approach for the forestry revitalization of the Tochigi prefecture northern district. Journal of the Japan Forest Engineering Society, 28:59–65 (in Japanese).
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UR  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ejfe/issue//281539
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/263201
ER  -