TY  - JOUR
TT  - GAG REFLEX IN DENTISTRY: WHAT CAN WE DO?
AU  - Zafersoy Akarslan, Zühre
PY  - 2016
DA  - December
DO  - 10.17567/ataunidfd.290426
JF  - Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi
JO  - Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg
PB  - Ataturk University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 1300-9044
SP  - 503
EP  - 510
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
KW  - Gagging
KW  - dentistry
KW  - questionnaires
N2  - The gagreflex is a mechanism which prevents unwanted objects from entering thepharynx, larynx or trachea. Due to some reasons, the mechanism of this reflexcould be damaged and impede on oral-health relatedbehaviors and oral health of individuals. Besides, dentists face problemsduring dental diagnostic procedures and dental treatment of these patientsaccording to the severity of the problem. It would be helpful for a dentist tobe able to identify problematic gagging of a patient before starting dentaldiagnostic and treatment procedures. Problematic gag reflex could be assessedwith special designed questionnaires before starting a dental procedure of thepatient. Behavioral approaches, complementary medicine therapies andpharmacological techniques are methods used for the treatment of patients withproblematic gagging. The aim of this article is to describe problematic gaggingand give information about the special designed scales, and the techniqueswhich could be applied for the elimination of the problem. Keywords: Gagging, dentistry, questionnaires, dentaltreatment DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE KUSMAREFLEKSİ: NE YAPABİLİRİZÖZ Kusmarefleksi istenmeyen cisimlerin farinks, larinks ve trakeadan girişiniengelleyen bir mekanizmadır. Birta- kım etkenler bu mekanizmanın normalçalışmasını bozarak bireylerin oral hijyeni alışkanlıklarını ve oral sağlığınıetkileyebilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, diş hekimleri de dental diagnostikprosedürlerde ve dental tedavi sırasında durumun şiddetine göre birtakımproblemler yaşayabilmektedir. Bu işlemlerin öncesinde diş hekiminin hastadasorun yaratacak bir kusma refleksinin olup olmadığını belirlemesi hekimeyardımcı olacaktır. Hekimler hastalarında problem oluşturacak kusma refleksiolup olmadığı tedaviye başlamadan önce özel skalalar yardımı iledeğerlendirebilmektedir. Problem yaratacak düzeyde kusma refleksi bulunanhastaların tedavilerinde davranışsal yaklaşımlar, tamamlayıcı medikal terapilerve farmakolojik teknikler kullanılmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı dental işlemlersırasında problem oluşturan kusma refleksini tanımlamak, refleksin belirlenmesiiçin kullanılabilecek skalaları ve problemin eliminasyonu için uygulana- bilecekyöntemler hakkında bilgi vermektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kusma, dişhekimliği, anket, dental tedavi
CR  - Rosted P, Miles TS. Swallowing. In Miles TS, Nauntofte B, Svensson P (eds) Clinical Oral Physiology. Copenhagen; Quintessence Publishing Co Ltd: 2004. p. 245-254.
CR  - 2-The glossary of prosthodontic terms. J Prosthet Dent 2005;94:10-92.
CR  - 3-Murphy WM. A clinical survey of gagging patients. J Prosthet Dent 1979; 42:145-8.
CR  - 4-Meeker HG, Magalee R. The conservative management of the gag reflex in full denture patients. N Y State Dent J 1986;52:11-4.
CR  - 5-Bassi GS, Humphris GM, Longman LP. The etiology and management of gagging: a review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent 2004;91:459-67.
CR  - 6-Kassab NH, Al-Saffar MT. Gagging: A problem in prosthetic dentistry and its medical treatment. Al-Rafidain Dent J 2005;5:168-73.
CR  - 7-Dickinson CM, Fiske J. A review of gagging problems in dentistry: aetiology and classification. Dent Update 2005;32: 26e32.
CR  - 8-van Houtem CM, van Wijk AJ, Boomsma DI, Ligthart L, Visscher CM, de Jongh A. Self-reported gagging in dentistry: prevalence, psycho-social correlates and oral health. J Oral Rehabil 2015;42:487-94.
CR  - 9-Sewerin I. Gagging in dental radiography. Oral Surg 1984;58:725–8.
CR  - 10-Randall CL, Shulman GP, Crout RJ, McNeil DW. Gagging and its associations with dental care-related fear, fear of pain and beliefs about treatment. J Am Dent Assoc 2014;145:452-8
CR  - van Linden van den Heuvell GF, Ter Pelkwijk BJ, Stegenga B. Development of the  Gagging Problem Assessment: a pilot study. J Oral Rehabil 2008; 35:196-202.
CR  - 12-Akarslan ZZ, Erten H. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the shorter form of the gagging problem assessment questionnaire. J Oral Rehabil 2010;37:21-5.
CR  - 13-Yildirim-Bicer AZ, Akarslan ZZ. Influence of gag reflex on removable prosthetic restoration tolerance according to the patient section of the short form of the Gagging Problem Assessment Questionnaire. J Adv Prosthodont 2014;6:474-82.
CR  - 14-Akarslan ZZ, Biçer AZ. Utility of the gagging problem assessment questionnaire in assessing patient sensitivity to dental treatments. J Oral Rehabil 2012;39:948-55.
CR  - 15-Akarslan ZZ, Yıldırım Biçer AZ. Influence of gag reflex on dental attendance, dental anxiety, self-reported temporomandibular disorders and prosthetic restorations. J Oral Rehabil 2013;40:932-9.
CR  - 16-Kaufman E, Weinstein P, Sommers EE, Soltero DJ. An experimental study of the control of the gag reflex with nitrous oxide. Anesth Prog 1988;35:155-7.
CR  - 17-Conny DJ, Tedesco LA.The gagging problem in prosthodontic treatment. Part I: description and causes. J Prosthet Dent 1983;49:601-6
CR  - 18-Winocur E, Uziel N, Lisha T, Goldsmith C, Eli I. Self-reported bruxism - associations with perceived stress, motivation for control, dental anxiety and gagging. J Oral Rehabil 2011;38:3-11.
CR  - 19-Hearing CM, Bind RH, Tabacco MJ, Hallock RM. A Reliable and Valid Survey to Predict a Patient's Gagging Intensity. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2014;5:e3.
CR  - 20-van Linden van den Heuvell GF, de Boer B, Ter Pelkwijk BJ, Bildt MM, Stegenga B. Gagging Problem Assessment: a re-evaluation. J Oral Rehabil 2015;42:495-502
CR  - Thayer ML. The use of acupuncture in dentistry. Dent Update 2007; 34:244-6, 249-50.
CR  - 32-Fiske J, Dickinson C. The role of acupuncture in controlling the gagging reflex using a review of ten cases. Br Dent J 2001;190:611-3.
CR  - 33-Elbay M, Tak Ö, Şermet Elbay Ü, Kaya C, Eryılmaz K. The use of low-level laser therapy for controlling the gag reflex in children during intraoral radiography of maxillary teeth. Lasers Med Sci 2016;31:355-61.
CR  - 34-Chate RA. Acupuncture for controlling gag reflex? Br Dent J 2001;191:537.
CR  - 35-Whittaker P. Laser acupuncture: past, present, and future. Lasers Med Sci 2004; 19:69-80.
CR  - 36-Schlager A, Offer T, Baldissera I. Laser stimulation of acupuncture point P6 reduces postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Br J Anaesth 1998; 81:529-32.
CR  - 37-Farrier S, Pretty IA, Lynch CD, Addy LD. Gagging during impression making: techniques for reduction. Dent Update 2011; 38:171-2.
CR  - 38-Vachiramon A, Wang WC. Acupressure technique to control gag reflex during maxillary impression procedures. J Prosthet Dent 2002; 88:236.
CR  - 39-Ramazani M, Zarenejad N, Ebrahimi K. The Help of Hypnodontics to a Patient with Scleroderma ‒ Case Report. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci 2015; 9:e211.
CR  - 40-Facco E, Zanette G, Casiglia E. The role of hypnotherapy in dentistry. SAAD Dig 2014; 30:3-6.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.290426
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/274023
ER  -