TY  - JOUR
TT  - ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES
AU  - Koyuncu, Hülya
PY  - 2017
DA  - February
JF  - The Turkish Journal Of Occupational / Environmental Medicine and Safety
JO  - turjoem
PB  - Engin TUTKUN
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2149-4711
SP  - 28
EP  - 28
VL  - Volume 2
IS  - İssue 1 (1)
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY OF EXPLOSIVES
N2  - Explosives are used on a large scale byboth the military and by various civilian industries (e.g. mining, high-energymetalwork, and civil engineering). Explosives utilization contributes to the high environmentalcontamination. TNT(2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine), HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) are found mainly in soils and surface waters; there havealso been cases of groundwater contamination. Most explosives are stable due totheir chemical structure and potential for binding to the organic matter, thusmaking soil remediation difficult. Additional limitation is the high toxicityof explosives. The release of explosives into the environment can occurduring several stages of munitions production, storage, transport, and usage,including manufacturing, handling, loading, and final dispersal or disposal.Most explosives are considered to be a major hazard to biological systems dueto their toxic and mutagenic effects. Manufacturing inputs can also be organiccompounds or hazardous materials that require special handing due to risks(such as carcinogens). The decomposition products, residual solids or gases of someexplosives can be toxic. There is still a lack ofstudies about the toxicity of explosives. Moreover, most of the studiesconducted thus far have been based on determining toxic effects of individualsubstances. Explosives usually appear as mixture in the environment. This cancause difficulty in assessing their individual effects. 
CR  - Hitit University, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Çorum, Turkey
UR  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/turjoem/issue//303813
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/290785
ER  -