@article{article_328736, title={VENOMOUS JELLYFISHES IN THE TURKISH SEAS AND THEIR TOXIC EFFECTS}, journal={Aquatic Sciences and Engineering}, volume={32}, pages={154–169}, year={2017}, author={İşinibilir, Melek and Okyar, Alper and Öztürk, Narin}, keywords={Envenomation,Jellyfish,Nematocyst,Treatment,Turkey}, abstract={<p>The Mediterranean Sea is home to numerous species of both native and invasive jellyfish. Research on the biology, ecology, and toxicology of jellyfish has been increasing in recent years in the Mediterranean re-gion, largely because of the extreme increases in coastal areas. Recent research focus has been on the adverse effects of the venoms of foreign jellyfish species that enter the Mediterranean Sea due to global warm-ing and maritime transport. Although most venoms are harmless, the venoms of some species may cause local effects, including immediate and delayed inflammatory–allergic responses (pain, swelling, itching, and localized erythema due to skin contact with nematocysts). Some venoms may cause systemic reactions involving acute and delayed type hypersensitivity reactions, respiratory distress, angioedema, and anaphylactic shock, especially in atopic individuals and depending on the amount of venom that is being exposed. This review presents brief information about the morphology and ecology of the jellyfish species found in the coastal areas of Turkey. In addition, the clinical, therapeu-tic, and preventive aspects of the injuries caused by jellyfish, focusing on first aid measures and treatments, are summarized. <br /> </p>}, number={3}, publisher={Istanbul University}