TY  - JOUR
TT  - Energy Consumption and Foreign Direct Investment: A Panel Data Analysis for Portugal
AU  - Leitão, Nuno Carlos
PY  - 2015
DA  - March
JF  - International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
JO  - IJEEP
PB  - İlhan ÖZTÜRK
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2146-4553
SP  - 138
EP  - 147
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
KW  - Energy Consumption
KW  - Foreign Direct Investment
KW  - Panel Data
KW  - Unit Root Tests
N2  - This research considers the relationship between energy consumption and foreign direct investment (FDI) for the period 1990-2011. As econometric strategy, we use unit root test and panel data. The empirical results illustrate that the income per capita and political globalization present a positive impact on energy consumption. The selected components of globalization (cultural, social and political) show that these variables promote Portuguese foreign direct investment. The econometric models also considered two control variables, trade openness and exchange rate. These proxies are positively correlated with FDI. The variables of income per capita and the squared income per capita validate the environmental Kuznets curve assumptions.
UR  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijeeep/issue//350870
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/361373
ER  -