@article{article_363216, title={Role of Ischemia and Oxidative Stress in Primary Dysmenorrhea Pathogenesis}, journal={Sakarya Medical Journal}, volume={7}, pages={205–210}, year={2018}, DOI={10.31832/smj.363216}, url={https://izlik.org/JA42GZ85JK}, author={Shundo, Harika and Karaca, İrem and Sevinç, Leyla and Serinkan Cinemre, Fatma Behice and Aydemir, Birsen and Akdemir, Nermin and Kaçal, Zübeyde and Cinemre, Hakan}, keywords={Primary dysmenorrhea,ischemia-modified albumin,malondialdehyde}, abstract={<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"> <b> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">Objective: <i> </i> </span> </b> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">Primary
dysmenorrhea is pelvic pain without pathologic reasons during the menstrual
period, induced by prostaglandin synthesis. Last studies have shown the relation
of primary dysmenorrhea with </span> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;" xml:lang="en-us"> </span> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">ischemia/hypoxia. Ischemia-Modified
Albumin (IMA) is a marker used for detecting the early period of ischemia. In
this study we planned to investigate role of ischemia and oxidative stress in </span> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;" xml:lang="en-us"> </span> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">etiopathogenesis of
primary dysmenorrhea according to the severity of its symptomatology </span> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">. </span> </p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"> <b> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">Materials
and Methods: </span> </b> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us"> 47 female university students with
primary dysmenorrhea were included in this study. Each student passed through
the full physical and gynecological examination. Visual Analog scale (VAS) </span> <span lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us"> </span> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">was used to measure pain intensity (no
pain-score of 0;worst imaginable pain-score of 10). </span> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us"> VAS grading from 1-4 was accepted as mild; 5-7 as
moderate; and 8-10 as severe pain. </span> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;" xml:lang="en-us"> </span> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">Blood
samples were collected from all participants on the third day of mens period.
After separation of serum, they were kept at -80°C until analyzed. Serum IMA
levels </span> <span lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us"> </span> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">were measured by albumin
cobalt binding (CAB) test. The results were corrected by using serum albumin values-expressed
as corrected IMA(C-IMA). </span> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">Malondialdehyde </span> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">(MDA) levels were measured
by using thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and the results were
expressed as µmol/L. </span> </p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"> <b> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">Results: </span> </b> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">
C-IMA values were: 0.867±0.23 in mild; 1.279±0.31 in moderate and 1.222±0.20 in
severe pain group. There were significant difference between the averages of
groups with Oneway ANOVA (p<0.024). By using Tukey test the C-IMA values in
group with mild pain found significantly lower than the C-IMA values of the group
with moderate pain(p = 0,021). MDA results were: 9.01±0.64 in the mild; 11.78±1.97
in the moderate and 15.20± 6.86 severe pain group. The difference between
groups with Oneway-ANOVA was statistically significant (p<0.016). Group
comparisons with Tukey test showed significant difference between the group
with mild dysmenorrhea and the group with severe pain (p<0.016). </span> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"> <b> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">Conclusions: </span> </b> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">
C-IMA and MDA levels increased in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. Their
levels were related with the seve}, number={4}