TY - JOUR T1 - Niğde İlindeki Çiğ Koyun, Keçi ve İnek Sütlerinde Aflatoksin M1 Düzeyleri TT - Aflatoxin M1 Levels In Raw Sheep, Goat And Cow Milks In Niğde Province AU - Karadal, Fulden AU - Ertaş Onmaz, Nurhan AU - Hızlısoy, Harun AU - Yıldırım, Yeliz AU - Al, Serhat AU - Gönülalan, Zafer PY - 2018 DA - June Y2 - 2018 DO - 10.30607/kvj.376355 JF - Kocatepe Veterinary Journal JO - kvj PB - Afyon Kocatepe University WT - DergiPark SN - 1308-1594 SP - 119 EP - 125 VL - 11 IS - 2 LA - tr AB - Bu çalışmada, Niğdeilinde tüketime sunulan çiğ inek, koyun ve keçi sütlerinde aflatoksin M1(AFM1) varlığının araştırılması, yasal düzenlemeler dikkate alınarakhalk sağlığı yönünden tehlike oluşturup oluşturmadığının belirlenmesi vesütlerdeki toksin içeriklerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışmada, 90 çiğsüt örneği toplanarak ELISA tekniği ile analiz edildi. İncelenen tüm sütörneklerinin AFM1 ile kontamine olduğu koyunve keçi sütlerindeki AFM1 düzeyinin yasal limitlerin altında, çiğinek sütü örneklerinin 3'ünde (%10) ise bu limitlerin üzerinde (50 ng/L) olduğubelirlendi. Ayrıca farklı hayvan türlerinin sütlerindeki AFM1düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gözlemlendi (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, Niğde'de koyun ve keçi sütü tüketimi ile AFM1’emaruz kalma potansiyelinin inek sütü tüketimine oranla daha düşük olduğubelirlendi. Bununla birlikte inek sütlerinde yasal limitlerin üzerinde tespitedilen AFM1 varlığının halk sağlığı bakımından önemli olduğu ve bunedenle sütlerin sistematik olarak kontrol edilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varıldı. KW - Aflatoksin M1 KW - koyun sütü KW - keçi sütü KW - inek sütü KW - halk sağlığı N2 - This study aimed toinvestigate the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in rawcow, sheep and goat milk consumed in Niğde and to evaluate whether they pose arisk for public health regarding legal limits and to compare the AFM1levels in milk of different species. In the study, 90 raw milk samples werecollected and analysed by ELISA tecnique. All of the milk samples were found tobe contaminated with AFM1. On the other hand AFM1contents of all sheep and goat milk samples were below the legal limits, while3 of the raw cow milk samples (10%) exceeded the limits of concern (50 ng/L).In addition, statistically significant differences were observed between AFM1levels in milk of differentspecies (p <0.05). In conclusion, AFM1 exposure risk incase of sheep and goat milk consumption is found to be lower than cow milkconsumption in Niğde. However, presence of AFM1 in cow milk samplesshould be considered as a public health jeopardy, therefore milks should besystematically monitored. CR - Akdemir Ç, Altıntaş A. Ankara’da işlenen sütlerde aflatoksin-M1 varlığının ve düzeylerinin HPLC ile araştırılması. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2004; 51:175-179. CR - Anonim, 2006. European Commission. Commission regulation (EC) No 1881 of 19 December 2006, setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Off J Europ Union L364:5–24. CR - Anonim, 2011. TGK, Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bulaşanlar Yönetmeliği (29.12.2011 Tarih ve 28157 (3. Mükerrer) Sayılı RG). CR - Anonim, 2017a. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). List of classifications. http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/latest_classif.php. Erişim tarihi: 12.10. 2017. CR - Anonim, 2017b Niğde İl Gelişme Planı (NİGEP). 06.02.2017 http://www.nigdetb.org.tr/Portals/ 218/selection. pdf. http://www.ohu.edu.tr/haber/nigde-il-gelisme-plani-tanitim-toplantisi-yapildi/208. Erişim tarihi: 15.09.2017 CR - Asi MR., Iqbal SZ, Ariño A, Hussain A. Effect of seasonal variations and lactation times on aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk of different species from Punjab, Pakistan. Food Contr. 2012; 25(1): 34–38. CR - Bahrami R. Shahbazi Y, Nikousefat Z. Aflatoxin M1 in milk and traditional dairy products from west part of Iran: occurrence and seasonal variation with an emphasis on risk assessment of human exposure. Food Contr. 2016; 62: 250– 256. CR - Bakirci I. A study on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products produced in Van province of Turkey. Food Control 2001; 12(1):47-51. CR - Bilandzic N, Bozic D, Dokic M, Sedak M, Solomun Kolanovi, B., Varenina, I., Tanković S, Cvetnićc Z. Seasonal effect on aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw and UHT milk from Croatia. Food Contr. 2014a; 40: 260-264. CR - Bilandzic N, Luburic BD, Dokic M, Sedak M, Kolanovi SB, Varenina I, Cvetnic Z. Assessment of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk of four dairy species in Croatia. Food Contr. 2014b; 43:18–21. CR - Bilandzic N, Varenina I, Kolanovic SB, Luburic BD, Varga I, Zeljezic B, Cvetnic L, Benic M, Sanin Tankovic, Cvetnic Z. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw cow, goat and sheep milk during spring and autumn in Croatia during 2016. Toxin Rev. 2017; Early Online: 1–7. DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1306785 CR - Codex Alimentarius. International Food Standards. General Standard for contaminants and toxins in food and feed. Codex Stan 193-1995. Amended in 2015. CR - Creppy EE. Update of survey, regulation and toxic effects of mycotoxins in Europe. Toxicol Lett.. 2002; 127: 19-28. CR - Duarte SC, Almeida AM, Teixeira AS, Pereira AL, Falcão AC, Pena A, Lino CM. Aflatoxin M1 in marketed milk in Portugal: Assessment of human and animal exposure, Food Contr. 2013; 30: 411-417. CR - Ertas N, Gonulalan Z, Yildirim Y, Karadal F. A survey of concentration of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products marketed in Turkey. Food Contr. 2011; 22(12): 1956-1959. CR - Fallah AA, Rahnama M Jafari T, Saei Dehkordi SS. Seasonal variation of aflatoxin M1 contamination in industrial and traditional Iranian dairy products. Food Contr. 2011; 22: 1653–1656. CR - Finoli C, Vecchio A. Occurrence of aflatoxins in feedstuff, sheep milk and dairy products in western Sicily. Ital J Anim Sci. 2003; 2(3): 191–196. CR - Hassan HF, Kassaify Z. The risks associated with aflatoxinsM1 occurrence in Lebanese dairy products. Food Contr. 2014; 37: 68–72. CR - Kaniou-Grigoriadou I, Eleftheriadou A, Mouratidou T. Katikou P. Determination of aflatoxin M1 in ewe’s milk samples and the produced curd and Feta cheese. Food Contr. 2005; 16: 257-261. CR - Kireçci E, Savaşçı M, Ayyıldız A. Sarıkamış’ta tüketilen süt ve peynir ürünlerinde aflatoksin M1 varlığının belirlenmesi. İnfeksiyon Derg. 2007;21(2):93- 96. CR - Malissiova E, Tsakalof A, Arvanitoyannis IS, Katsafliaka A, Katsioulis A, Tserkezou P, Koureasa M, Govarise A, Hadjichristodoulou C. Monitoring Aflatoxin M1 levels in ewe's and goat's milk in Thessaly, Greece; potential risk factors under organic and conventional production schemes. Food Contr. 2013; 34: 241-248. CR - Molle G, Decandia M, Cabiddu A, Landau SY, Cannas A. An update on the nutrition of dairy sheep grazing Mediterranean pastures. Small Ruminant Res. 2008; 77:93-112. CR - Murphy PA, Hendrich S, Landgren C, Bryant C. Food mycotoxins: an update. J Food Sci. 2006; 71: R51-R65. CR - Özdemir M. Determination of Aflatoxin M1 Levels in goat milk consumed in Kilis Province. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2007; 54: 99-103. CR - Prandini A, Tansini G, Sigolo S, Filippi L, Laporta M, Piva G. On the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009; 47: 984-991. CR - Rahimi E, Bonyadian M, Rafei M, Kazemeini HR. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk of five dairy species in Ahvaz, Iran. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48(1):129-131. CR - Roussi V, Govaris A, Varagouli A, Botsoglou NA. Occurrence of aflatoxin M (1) raw and market milk commercialized in Greece. Food Addit Contam. 2002; 19(9):863-868. CR - Sidhu OP, Chandra H, Behl HM. Occurrence of aflatoxins in mahua (Madhuca indica Gmel.) seeds: synergistic effect of plant extracts on inhibition of Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin production. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009; 47(4): 774-7. CR - Viridis S, Scarano C, Spanu V, Murittu G, Ibba I, de Santis E. A survey on Aflatoxin M1 content in sheep and goat milk produced in Sardinia Region, Italy (2005–2013). Ital. J Food Saf. 2014; 3: 206–209. UR - https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.376355 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/424945 ER -