@article{article_391068, title={Evaluation Of Clinical Staging Before Radical Cystectomy in Patients With Bladder Carcinoma}, journal={Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty}, volume={29}, pages={29–31}, year={2003}, author={Yavaşçaoğlu, İsmet and Vuruşkan, Hakan and Kekilli, Onur and Oktay, Bülent}, keywords={Bladder carcinoma, Staging, Computed tomography, Transurethral resection}, abstract={We assessed the accuracy of preoperative clinical staging methods in patients with bladder carcinoma who underwent cystectomy. Eighty patients with bladder carcinoma staged using computerized tomography (CT) and transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR-BT) were compared with the final pathological stage determined after radical cystectomy. Staging was performed according to the 1997 TNM classification. Pathologic stage was Ta, 9; T1, 36; T2, 28; T3, 7 in TUR-BT specimens, Ta, 2; T1, 3; T2, 14; T3, 46; T4, 15 in CT evaluation. Accurate staging was obtained by TUR-BT and CT in 56% and 66% of the patients, respectively, when compared with pathological staging after radical cystectomy. The rate of under staging and over staging was 38.4% and 5.6%, respectively for TUR-BT specimens and 3.4% and 30.6%, respectively for CT evaluation. For superficial tumors the sensitivity of staging was high but the specificity of staging was low with TUR-BT. The sensitivity of staging increased for T3 tumors when evaluating with CT. During evaluation by TUR-BT under staging occurs in significant number of patients with bladder carcinoma. A limitation of CT evaluation that causes over staging is its inability to recognize minimal tumour growth in the muscle layer of the bladder wall or to differentiate between post-transurethral oedema and tumour.}, number={1}, publisher={Bursa Uludağ University}