TY  - JOUR
T1  - NON-FORMAL EDUCATION FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT  PROGRAM IN CAIRO
AU  - Nada, Mennatallah
PY  - 2018
DA  - May
JF  - International Journal of Quality in Education
JO  - IJQE
PB  - Abdülkadir KABADAYI
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2636-8412
SP  - 65
EP  - 91
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
LA  - en
AB  - Educationfor Sustainable Development (ESD) is important for moving countries toward asustainable future. In Egypt, ESD is not a common subject found in the nationalformal educational system, so non-formal education in ESD is needed. Theresearch question is what is thebest-suited structure for an experiential learning based ESD non-formaleducation program designed for private middle-school students in Egypt?To answer this question a review of existing international non-formal ESDprograms and a needs assessment was conducted. The review examined fiveprograms for common components; these components included activities such asexperiments, camps, research, community engagement, general discussions aboutthe topic at hand, and post courses activities to ensure the sustainability oftheir program. The needs assessment surveyed 285 students and 89 parents, and15 interviews were conducted with science teachers in five international and privateschools. Questions about the schools’ inclusion of sustainable developmentactivities, personal behaviors, and specifics about the design of the programlike the length, learning styles used, and the frequency of field trips wasincluded. The results indicated that respondents saw a need for non-formal ESDprograms in Egypt focused on three main topics; energy, water, and waste. Theyfelt that the design of the program should be customized according to differentstudents’ needs regarding the length and timing.  Respondents also mentioned several challengesthat should be considered such as the security status of the country, and theexisting cultural barriers found in the Egyptian society towards conservationand SD. Based on these results, recommendations for a non-formal ESD program inEgypt are discussed.
KW  - sustainable development
KW  - non-formal education
KW  - needs assessment
CR  - Abu El Naga, F. (2012). Strategic framework for economic and social develop-ment plan until year 2022. Ministry of Planning and International Coopera-tion Report. Retrieved from http://www.mop.gov.eg/MopRep/Strategic%20Framework%20for%20Economic%20and%20Social%20Development%20Plan%20Until%20Year%202022.pdf
CR  - AEGEE, (2013). Position paper on education for sustainable development. AE-GEE Europe. Retrieved from http://www.aegee.org/position-paper-on-education-for-sustainable-development/
CR  - American Camp Association (2015). Benefits of camp: psychological aspects. Camp and youth development outcomes. The American Camp Association. Retrieved from http://www.acacamps.org/media-center/benefits-of-camp/psychological-aspects
CR  - Ballantyn, R. & Packer, J. (2005). Promoting environmentally sustainable atti-tudes and behavior through free choice learning experiences: what is the state of the game?. Environmental Education Research, 11:3, 281-295.
CR  - Buckler, C. & Creech, H. (2014). Shaping the future we want. UN DESD (2005-2014) final report. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Or-ganization (UNESCO). Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002303/230302e.pdf
CR  - Cheminais, R. (2002). Inclusion and school improvement: a practical guide. London: David Fulton, 2002. ISBN 1843120054 9781843120056
CR  - Cox, B., Calder, M., & Fien, J. (2010). Experiential learning. Teaching and learning for a sustainable future, a multimedia teacher education program. UENSCO. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/education/tlsf/mods/theme_d/mod20.html
CR  - Crawford, I (1997). Marketing Research and Information Systems. Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. FAO Regional Office for Africa ISBN 92-851-1005-3
CR  - Creswell, J. W. & Plano Clarc, V. L. (2011). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research: Second Edition. Sage publication. ISBN: 9781412975179.
CR  - Creswell, J. (2002). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall.
CR  - Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches (second edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
CR  - Drexhage, J. & Murphy, D. (2010). Sustainable development from Brundtland to Rio 2012. International institute for sustainable development (IISD). Re-trieved from http://www.un.org/wcm/webdav/site/climatechange/shared/gsp/docs/GSP1-6_Background%20on%20Sustainable%20Devt.pdf
CR  - EcoConServ (2003). Sustainable Development in Egypt “Think Local… Act Global”. United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved from www.tigweb.org/action-tools/projects/download/2798.pdf
CR  - EEDC (2015). Sustainable development strategy. Egypt’s vision 2030 and me-dium term investment framework. Egypt economic development confer-ence. Official publication of the government of Egypt. Retrieved from http://mop.gov.eg/Vision1.pdf
CR  - ESCWA & League of Arab States (n.d.). Air Quality and Atmospheric Pollution In the Arab Region. United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Of-fice for West Asia. Retrieved fromhttp://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/csd/csd14/escwaRIM_bp1.pdf
CR  - Fransozi, R. (2007). Content Analysis: Objective, Systematic, and Quantitative Description of Content. In Content Analysis, Sage Benchmarks in Social Research Methods Volume 1, London: Sage. Retrieved from http://www.unive.it/media/allegato/Scuola-Dottorale/2011/allegato/ Con-tent_Analysis_-_Introduction.pdf
CR  - Handoussa, H. (2010a). Situation Analysis: Key development challenges facing Egypt. United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved from http://www.un.org.eg/docs/101100%20SA%20Report%20final%20pdf%20version.pdf
CR  - Handoussa, H. (2010b). Egypt human development report 2010. Youth in Egypt: building the future. United Nations Development Programme & the Institute of National Planning, Egypt. ISBN: 977-5023-12-2
CR  - ILO (2010). Data skills for green jobs in Egypt. Geneva: Unedited background country study/International Labour Office, Skills and Employability Depart-ment. ISBN: 9789221239871.
CR  - Kates, R., Parris, T. & Leiserowitz, A. (2005). What is sustainable development? Goals, indicators, values, and practice. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, Vol 47, Number 3, pages 8-21. Retrieved from http://www.hks.harvard.edu/sustsci/ists/docs/whatisSD_env_kates_0504.pdf
CR  - MOE (2014). The strategic plan for the pre-higher education stage in Egypt 2014-2030. Ministry of Education. Retrieved from http://portal.moe.gov.eg/ABOUTMINISTRY/Pages/plan2014.aspx
CR  - NAAEE (2009). Non-formal environmental education programs: guidelines for excellence. National Project for Excellence in Environmental Education. The North American Association for Environmental Education, ISBN 1-884008-89-5.
CR  - NOAA (2009). Designing education projects. A comprehensive approach to needs assessment, project planning and implementation, and evaluation. National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration. U.S department of com-merce. 2nd edition. http://www.oesd.noaa.gov/leadership/DEP_Manual_2ndEdt_Final.pdf
CR  - Polit, D. E. & Hungler, B. P. (1995). Nursing research: Principles and methods (sixth edition). Philadelphia: Lippincott. ISBN-13: 978-0781715638.
CR  - Polit, D. E. & Hungler, B. P. (1993). The Essentials of Nursing Research. Phila-delphia: J. B. Lippincott Company. ISBN-13: 860-1406053441
Rogers, A. (2004). Looking again at non-formal and informal education - to-wards a new paradigm. The encyclopaedia of informal education, Retrieved from www.infed.org/biblio/non_formal_paradigm.htm
CR  - Shohdah, A.A.A. (1992). The awareness of teachers with different specialties of environmental pollution problems, Zagazig. Journal of Faculty of Education in Zagazig, Zagazig University, 17(a), 79–110 (in Arabic).
UR  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijqe/issue//427921
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/479374
ER  -