@article{article_433726, title={RETURNS TO INNOVATION AND GROWTH: A PANEL DATA APPROACH FOR MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES}, journal={Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi}, pages={243–256}, year={2018}, DOI={10.18092/ulikidince.433726}, author={Çatak, Çiydem and Nuroğlu, Elif}, keywords={Economic Growth,Research and Development,Innovation,Middle-Income Countries}, abstract={<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal;"> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:9pt;" xml:lang="en-us">This paper attempts to investigate
the relationship between the growth of gross domestic product and innovation
related activities </span> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:9pt;" xml:lang="en-us">. <span>A panel data analysis
is conducted </span> <span>on a sample of eight middle-income
countries covering 5-year time period from 2012-2016. The major findings of the
study show a significant positive impact of expenditure on education, graduates
in science and engineering, knowledge intensive employment, scientific and
technical articles, population and foreign direct investments on the growth of gross
domestic product. Hence, we conclude that there is a strong relation between
innovation-related activities and economic growth in middle-income countries.
Therefore, we suggest that middle-income countries should focus more on R&D
and innovation related activities to grow and change their income status to
higher income levels. </span> </span> </p> <p> </p>}, publisher={Kenan ÇELİK}