TY - JOUR T1 - ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CLEMENTINE PEEL ESSENTIAL OIL WITH ITS CYTOTOXIC AND IN VITRO WOUND HEALING POTENTIAL ON NIH-3T3 FIBROBLAST CELLS TT - KLEMENTİN ESANSİYEL YAĞININ ANTİMİKROBİYAL AKTİVİTESİ İLE NIH-3T3 FİBROBLAST HÜCRELERİ ÜZERİNE SİTOTOKSİK VE İN VİTRO YARA İYİLEŞME POTANSİYELİNİN BELİRLENMESİ AU - Baygar, Tuba AU - Saraç, Nurdan PY - 2018 DA - December DO - 10.22531/muglajsci.435610 JF - Mugla Journal of Science and Technology JO - MJST PB - Mugla Sitki Kocman University WT - DergiPark SN - 2149-3596 SP - 143 EP - 147 VL - 4 IS - 2 LA - en AB - Citrus essentialoils has many area of use such as skin and hair care, insomnia, improvingdigestion, and boosting immune system. The present study is aimed to determinethe biological activities of clementine (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan), one of the mandarin species,peel essential oil (CPEO) that grow in Turkey. Antimicrobial activity of CPEOwas evaluated using disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus, and a fungi Candida albicans. The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide)-colorimetric monocytemediated cytotoxicity assay was applied using NIH-3T3 cells and IC50value was calculated. CPEO was also evaluated for its in vitro wound healingeffect on the fibroblast cell migration and proliferation using scratch woundassay technique. Results of the present study indicated that CPEO hasremarkable antimicrobial activity. The highest inhibition zone was observedagainst C. albicans as 20.67±0.58 mm. IC50 value obtained for CPEO was 52.50 µg/mL. Fibroblast cells showed highermigration than the control group to heal the artificial scar after treatment ofCPEO concentrations below the IC50 dose. The results of the present study indicated that the CPEO may be useful ineffective management of skin care applications and wound healing products withits potent activity against pathogen microorganisms. KW - Clementine KW - antimicrobial KW - cytotoxicity KW - wound healing KW - fibroblast N2 - Narenciye esansiyel yağları cilt ve saç bakımı,uykusuzluk, sindirimin düzenlenmesi ve bağışıklık sisteminin geliştirilmesigibi pek çok alanda kullanıma sahiptir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de yetiştiriciliğiyapılmakta olan bir mandalina türü olan klementin’in (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan) kabuğundan elde edilen esansiyelyağın biyolojik aktivitelerininbelirlenmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır. Klementin kabuk esansiyel yağının (CPEO)antimikrobiyal aktivitesi E. coli, S. aureus ve bir maya türü olan C.albicans’a karşı disk difüzyon yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Sitotoksisitesi MTTkolorimetrik analizi ile NIH-3T3 fibroblast hücreleri kullanılarak tespitedilmiştir. Ayrıca stratch-yara iyileşme tekniği kullanılarak CPEO’nınfibroblast hücrelerinin göçü ve proliferasyonu üzerine etkinliği in vitro yaraiyileşme aktivitesi olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre CPEO’nın kaydadeğer antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. En yüksek inhibisyonzonu C. albicans’a karşı 20.67±0.58mm olarak ölçülmüştür. Sitotoksik aktivite analizine göre IC50değeri 52.50 µg/mL olarakbelirlenmiştir. CPEO için IC50 değerinin altında uygulanandozlarda fibroblast hücreleri kontrol grubuna kıyasla daha hızlı süredeproliferasyon sağlayarak yapay yaranın iyileşmesine yönelik yüksek hareketgöstermiştir. Mevcut çalışma sonuçlarına göre CPEO, patojenikmikroorganizmalara karşı sahip olduğu antimikrobiyal karakterin yanı sıra ciltuygulamaları ve yara iyileşmeye yönelik ürünlerin geliştirilmesinde kullanılmapotansiyeline sahiptir. CR - [1] Davidson, P.M. Chemical preservatives and natural antimicrobial compunds, M. P. Doyle, L. R. Beuchat, T. J. Montville (Eds.), Food Microbiology, Fundamentals and Frontiers, ASM Press, Washington DC, 520-556, 1996. CR - [2] Elshafie, H. S., Aliberti, L., Amato, M., De Feo, V., Camele, I. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) essential oil. European Food Research and Technology, 1-8, 2018. CR - [3] Noori, S., Zeynali, F., Almasi, H. Antimicrobial and antioxidant efficiency of nanoemulsion-based edible coating containing ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oil and its effect on safety and quality attributes of chicken breast fillets. Food Control, 84, 312-320, 2018. CR - [4] Nowak, S., Lisiecki, P., Tomaszczak-Nowak, A., Grudzińska, E., Olszewska, M. A., Kicel, A. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from flowers and leaves of Grindelia integrifolia DC. Natural product research, 1-6, 2018. CR - [5] Qadir, R., Anwar, F., Mehmood, T., Shahid, M., & Zahoor, S. Variations in chemical composition, antimicrobial and haemolytic activities of peel essential oils from three local Citrus cultivars. Pure and Applied Biology, 7(1), 282-291, 2018. CR - [6] Cristani, M., D'Arrigo, M., Mandalari, G., Castelli, F., Sarpietro, M. G., Micieli, D., Trombetta, D. Interaction of four monoterpenes contained in essential oils with model membranes: implications for their antibacterial activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(15), 6300-6308, 2007. CR - [7] Kabara, J. J. Phenols and chelators. Food preservatives, 200-214, 1991. CR - [8] Hussain, A. I., Anwar, F., Chatha, S. A., Latif, S., Sherazi, S. T., Ahmad, A., Sarker, S. D. Chemical composition and bioactivity studies of the essential oils from two Thymus species from the Pakistani flora. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 50(1), 185-192, 2013. CR - [9] Minh Tu, N. T., Thanh, L. X., Une, A., Ukeda, H., & Sawamura, M. Volatile constituents of Vietnamese pummelo, orange, tangerine and lime peel oils. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 17(3), 169-174, 2002. CR - [10] Davies, F. S., Albrigo, L. G. Citrus. Cab International. Wallingford, England, 1994. CR - [11] Shaw, P. E. Review of quantitative analyses of citrus essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 27(2), 246-257, 1979. CR - [12] Buchel, J. A. Flavoring with citrus oil. Perfumer and Flavorist, 14, 22-26, 1989. CR - [13] Dharmawan, J., Kasapis, S., Curran, P., & Johnson, J. R. Characterization of volatile compounds in selected citrus fruits from Asia. Part I: freshly‐squeezed juice. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 22(3), 228-232, 2007. CR - [14] Kirbaşlar, Ş., Gök, A., Gülay Kirbaşlar, F., & Tepe, S. Volatiles in Turkish clementine (Citrus clementina Hort.) peel. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 24(2), 153-157, 2012. CR - [15] Collins, C.H., Lyne, P.M., Grange, J.M. (Eds.): ‘Microbiological methods’ (Butterworths, London, 1995, 7th edn.). CR - [16] Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of Immunolological Methods, 65: 55-63, 1983. CR - [17] Liang CC, Park AY, Guan JL. In vitro scratch assay: a convenient and inexpensive method for analysis of cell migration in vitro. Nature Protocols; 2(2): 329-333, 2007. CR - [18] Sharma, N., Tripathi, A. Effects of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck epicarp essential oil on growth and morphogenesis of Aspergillus niger (L.) Van Tieghem. Microbiological Research, 163(3), 337-344, 2008. CR - [19] Deba, F., Xuan, T. D., Yasuda, M., Tawata, S. Chemical composition and antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the essential oils from Bidens pilosa Linn. var. Radiata. Food control, 19(4), 346-352, 2008. CR - [20] Viuda-Martos, M., Ruiz-Navajas, Y., Fernández-López, J., Pérez-Álvarez, J. Antifungal activity of lemon (Citrus lemon L.), mandarin (Citrus reticulata L.), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi L.) and orange (Citrus sinensis L.) essential oils. Food control, 19(12), 1130-1138, 2008. CR - [21] Matasyoh, J. C., Kiplimo, J. J., Karubiu, N. M., Hailstorks, T. P. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Tarchonanthus camphoratus. Food Chemistry, 101(3), 1183-1187, 2007. CR - [22] Rodov, V., Ben-Yehoshua, S., Fang, D. Q., Kim, J. J., & Ashkenazi, R. Preformed antifungal compounds of lemon fruit: citral and its relation to disease resistance. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 43(4), 1057-1061, 1995. CR - [23] Jayaprakasha, G. K., Negi, P. S., Sikder, S., Mohanrao, L. J., & Sakariah, K. K. Antibacterial activity of Citrus reticulata peel extracts. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 55(11-12), 1030-1034, 2000. CR - [24] Veldhuizen, E. J., Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven, J. L., Zweijtzer, C., Burt, S. A., & Haagsman, H. P. Structural requirements for the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol. Journal of agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(5), 1874-1879, 2006. CR - [25] Baik, J. S., Kim, S. S., Lee, J. A., Oh, T. H., Kim, J. Y., Lee, N. H., & Hyun, C. G. Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils extracted from Korean endemic citrus species. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 18(1), 74-79, 2008. UR - https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.435610 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/573889 ER -