TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Combinations of Salt and Temperature on Morphological Characteristics of Microfungi TT - Mikrofungusların Morfolojik Karakterleri Üzerine Tuz Ve Sıcaklık Kombinasyonlarının Etkisi AU - Demirel, Rasime AU - Kayış, Orkun AU - İlhan, Semra PY - 2018 DA - October DO - 10.30708/mantar.435710 JF - Mantar Dergisi JO - Değerlendirme süreci PB - Selcuk University WT - DergiPark SN - 2147-6845 SP - 158 EP - 164 VL - 9 IS - 2 LA - en AB - Aim of this study is investigation of effects of different salt andtemperature combinations on morphological characteristics of microfungi thatwere isolated and identified with traditional and molecular methods fromÇamaltı Saltern/İzmir. A total of 37species as 3 species belong to Alternaria,13 Aspergillus, 2 Chaetomium, 5 Cladosporium, 9 Penicillium,and 1 species belong to each species as Acremonium,Arthrinium, Biscogniaxua, Diaporthe, Fusarium were used in this study.Using aseptic techniques, each of the microfungi were inoculated on Mat ExtractAgar medium that was added 8%, 16%, 24% NaCI. Each concentration media wasincubated at 17, 27, 37 ℃ at 7 days. After incubation of each cultures were investigated sporeformation, mycelium diameter, colony front and back colour, colony texture,colony diameters, sclerotium and cleistothecium. All results were collected in atable and photographed. As a result of the study, we showed thatcombination of different NaCl concentrations and temperatures have affected oncolony properties. Furthermore, these effects revealed morphologicaldifferences between closely related fungi such as members of section Versicolor, Aspergillus, Clavati, Circumdati, Flavi, Penicilliumsubgenus Penicillium. KW - Salt KW - Temperature KW - Microfungi KW - Combine effect N2 - Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı tuz ve sıcaklık kombinasyonlarının Çamaltı Tuzlası/İzmir'den izole edilen, geleneksel ve moleküler yöntemlerle tanımlanmışmikrofungusların morfolojik karakterleri üzerindeki etkilerininaraştırılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada 3 Alternaria,13 Aspergillus, 2 Chaetomium, 5 Cladosporium, 9 Penicilliumve Acremonium, Arthrinium, Biscogniaxua,Diaporthe, Fusarium cinlerinin her birinden 1’er tane olmak üzere toplam 37tür kullanılmıştır. Aseptik teknikler kullanılarak, mikrofungusların her biri,%8, %16, %24 NaCI eklenmiş Mat Ekstrakt Agar plaklarına aşılanmıştır. Herkonsantrasyon ortamı 17, 27, 37℃'de 7 gün boyunca inkübe edilmiştir. Herkültürün inkübasyonundan sonra spor oluşumu, miselyum çapı, koloni ön ve arkarengi, koloni dokusu, koloni çapı, sklerotium ve kleistothecium varlığıincelenmiştir. Bütün sonuçlar bir tabloda toplanmış ve fotoğraflanmıştır.Çalışmanın sonucunda, farklı NaCl konsantrasyonu ve sıcaklık kombinasyonlarınınkoloni özelliklerine etki ettiği gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu etkiler, Versicolor, Aspergillus, Clavati, Circumdati, Flavi, Penicilliumsubgenus Penicillium üyeleri gibiyakın ilişkili mikrofunguslar arasında morfolojik farklılıklar ortayaçıkarmıştır. CR - Asan A., Aspergillus, Penicillium and related species reported from Turkey, Mycotaxon, 89(1), 155-157 (2004). CR - Becker P., de Bel A., Martiny D., Ranque S., Piarroux R., Cassagne C., Detandt M., Hendrickx M., Identification of filamentous fungi isolates by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: Clinical evaluation of an extended reference spectra library. Med. Mycol. 52: 826-34 (2014). CR - Chavez R. & Fierro F. García Rico R., Inmaculada V., Filamentous fungi from extreme environments as a promising source of novel bioactive secondary metabolites. Front Microbiol. 9 (6): 903 (2015). CR - Ciardo D.E., Schär G., Altwegg M., Böttger E.C., Bosshard P.P., Identification of moulds in the diagnostic laboratory—an algorithm implementing molecular and phenotypic methods. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 59: 49–60 (2007). CR - Crous P.W., Groenewald J.Z., A phylogenetic re-evaluation of Arthrinium. IMA Fungi, 4 (1): 133-154 (2013). CR - Demirel R., Comparison of rDNA regions (ITS, LSU, and SSU) of some Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces spp., Turk. J. Botany, 40, 576-583 (2016). CR - Egbuta M.A., Mwanza M., Njobeh P.B., Phoku J.Z., Chilaka C.A., Dutton M.F., Isolation of Filamentous Fungi Species Contaminating Some Nigerian Food Commodities, Journal of Food Research, 4 (1): 38-50 (2015). CR - Guarro J., Gene J., Stchigel A.M., Developments in Fungal Taxonomy. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 454–500 (1999). CR - Hase V., Nasreen S., Influence of different culture media on growth of plant pathogenic fungi. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development. 4 (1): 67-70. (2017). CR - Houbraken, J., Visagie, C,M, Meijer, M., Frisvad, J.C., Busby, P.E., Pitt, J.., Seifert, K.A., Louis-Seize, G., Demirel, R., Yilmaz, N., Jacobs, K., Christensen, M., Samson, R.A., A taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of Penicillium section Aspergilloides, Stud. Mycol., 78: 373–451 (2014). CR - Klich MA., Identification of Common Aspergillus Species, 1. Edition. 122 pp. Published by The Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands, (2002). CR - Krijgsheld P, Bleichrodt RJ, Veluw GJ van, Wang F, Müller WG, Dijksterhuis J., Wösten H.A.B., Development of Aspergillus. Stud. Mycol. 74: 1–29 (2013). CR - McClenny N., Laboratory detection and identification of Aspergillus species by microscopic observation and culture: the traditional approach. Med. Mycol., 43 (1-1): 125–128 (2005). CR - Papagianni M. (2014). Characterization of Fungal Morphology using Digital Image Analysis Techniques. J Microb Biochem Technol., 6:4 CR - Pitt J.I., The Genus Penicillium and its telemorphic states Eupenicillium and Talaromyces, Academic Pres INC, London, (1979). CR - Pitt J.I. A Laboratory Guide to Common Penicillium Species, 3th edition, Food Science, Australia, (2000). CR - Raper KB, Fennell DI., The Genus Aspergillus. The Williams Wilkins Company, Baltimore, USA, 686 pp., (1965). CR - Raper KB, Thom C., A Manual of Penicillia. The Williams Wilkins Company, Baltimore, USA, 704 pp., (1949). CR - Samson R.A., Houbraken J., Thrane U., Frisvad J.C., & Andersen B., Food and Indoor Fungi. 390 pp. CBS KNAW Fungal Diversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, (2010). CR - Samson R.A., Visagie C.M., Houbraken J., Hong S.B., Hubka V., Klaassen C.H.W., et al., Phylogeny, identification and nomenclature of the genus Aspergillus. Stud. Mycol., 78, 141–173 (2014). CR - Selbmann L. , Egidi E., Isola D., Onofri S., Zucconi L., de Hoog G.S., Chinaglia S., Testa L., Tosi S., Balestrazzi A., Lantieri A., Compagno R., Tigini V., Varese G.C., Biodiversity, evolution and adaptation of fungi in extreme environments, Plant Biosyst., 147 (1): 237-246 (2013) CR - Sharma G, Pandey R.R., Influence of culture media on growth, colony character and sporulation of fungi isolated from decaying vegetable wastes, J. Yeast Fungal Res. 1(8): 157-164 (2010) CR - Shukri S. M., Fauzi S. M., Zainon M. N., & Zaidah Z. A., Morphotypic and molecular identification of filamentous fungi from animal agricultural farm contaminated peat soil. Advances in Environmental Biology, 9(22 S3), 1-6, (2015). CR - Shukri S. M., Fauzi S. M., Zainon M. N., & Zaidah Z. A., Isolation and Characterisation of Filamentous Fungi from Animal Agricultural Farm Soil, Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 25 (S): 19 – 28 (2017). CR - Summerbell R.C., Gueidan C., Schroers H-J., de Hoog G.S., Starink M., Arocha Rosete Y., Guarro J. Scott J.A., Acremonium phylogenetic overview and revision of Gliomastix, Sarocladium, and Trichothecium. Stud. Mycol. 68: 139–162 (2011). CR - Tsui C.K.M., Woodhall J., Chen W., Lévesque C.A., Lau A., Schoen C.D., Baschien H., Najafzadeh M.J., de Hoog G. S., Molecular techniques for pathogen identification and fungus detection in the environment, IMA Fungus 2(2): 177-189 (2011). CR - Verweij P.E., van der Lee H.A.L., Rijs A.J.M.M., The Role of Conventional Diagnostic Tools, In: Diagnosis of Fungal Infections Edited by Maertens JA, Marr KA, Informa Healtcare USA, (2007). CR - Wang X.W., Lombard L., Groenewald J.Z., Li J., Videira S.I.R., Samson R.A. Liu X.Z., Crous P.W., Phylogenetic reassessment of the Chaetomium globosum species complex. Persoonia 36: 83–133 (2016). CR - Woudenberg J.H.C., Groenewald J.Z., Binder M., Crous P.W., Alternaria redefined. Stud. Mycol., 75: 171-212 2013. UR - https://doi.org/10.30708/mantar.435710 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/560255 ER -