@article{article_469295, title={TOXICOLOGY IN POISONOUS YEARS: SÜMUM VE TESEMMÜMAT, DAMASCUS / BEIRUT 1918}, journal={Osmanli Bilimi Arastirmalari (Studies in Ottoman Science)}, pages={1–20}, year={2018}, DOI={10.30522/iuoba.469295}, author={Etker, Şeref}, keywords={Süleyman Rifat,Suleiman Rifaat,poisons,intoxication,Sümum ve Tesemmümat,Ottoman Civilian Medical School in Damascus,Ottoman Medical Faculty in Beirut,chemical warfare,Baha‘i Faith}, abstract={<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:3pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:1cm;"> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:10pt;" xml:lang="en-us">Dr.
Süleyman Rifat (Suleiman Rifaat) graduated from the Civilian Medical School in
Istanbul in 1906. In 1909 he was elected by the Ministry of Education to study
in Germany. Süleyman Rifat attended the Institute of Pharmacology in Berlin and
specialised in pharmacodynamics, toxicology and immunology. After his return in
1913 he was appointed to Palestine as health authority in Jerusalem. In the
same year he joined the staff of the Ottoman Medical School in Damascus as
professor of materia medica and therapeutics. With the beginning of the First
World War Süleyman Rifat was conscripted to serve in the IV <sup>th </sup> Army
in the Sinai. He was the instructor for the cacolet transport services, and
participated in the First Battle of the Suez Canal 1915. When the Ottoman
Medical School was relocated in Beirut Dr. Süleyman Rifat was discharged to
join its staff as professor of pharmacodynamics and therapy. Here he edited a
compendium on poisons and intoxication consisting of tables, entitled <i>Sümum
ve Tesemmümat </i> (Poisons et Empoisonnements). Certain elements of this text
relates to the chemical warfare engaged by the British forces in the Second and
Third Gaza Battles in 1917. Dr. Süleyman Rifat lived in Beirut after the Great
War and converted to the Baha’i Faith. </span> </p> <p> </p>}, publisher={Istanbul University}