TY  - JOUR
T1  - Endothelin-1 levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid after vasospasm following spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage
TT  - Spontan subaraknoid kanamayı takiben gelişen vazospazm sonrası serum ve serebrospinal sıvıda endotelin-1 düzeyleri
AU  - Oktay, Kadir
AU  - Bilgin, Emre
AU  - Olguner, Semih Kıvanç
AU  - Çavuş, Gökhan
AU  - Açık, Vedat
AU  - Arslan, Ali
AU  - Tuna, Metin
PY  - 2019
DA  - June
Y2  - 2018
DO  - 10.17826/cumj.481237
JF  - Cukurova Medical Journal
JO  - Cukurova Med J
PB  - Cukurova University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2602-3032
SP  - 334
EP  - 340
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
LA  - en
AB  - Purpose: The aim of the present study was toanalyse endothelin-1 levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples inpatients with subarachnoid haemorrhage and evaluated the effects on vasospasm.Material andMethods: The patients wereselected among those who referred to intensive care unit of neurosurgerydepartment within several hours following subarachnoidhaemorrhage. Subarachnoid haemorrhagewas diagnosed through cerebral computedtomography and lumbar punction. First neurological examinations of thepatients were evaluated according to Hunt-Hess classification and the bloodquantity was detected by cerebral computedtomography according to Fisher classification.Results: Serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples of 20 patients enrolled into thepresent study were collected at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Ten individualswithout any vascular diseases, nervous system trauma or inflammatory diseasewere enrolled into the study as the control group. Samples were analyzedthrough micro-ELISA method and endothelin-1 levels in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid were detected. Accordingto Hunt-Hess classification, 6 patients were evaluated as Stage I, 10 patientsas Stage II, 2 patients as Stage III and 2 patients as Stage IV. Seventeenpatients were detected as Stage II whereas 3 patients were Stage IV according toFisher classification. Vasospasm was detected in cases 3, 6, 11 and 18 bydigital subtraction angiography.Conclusion: It was determinedthat as the Fisher and Hunt-Hess classifications increased, the risk ofcerebral vasospasm increased. The present study revealed that endothelin-1levels increase after subarachnoidhaemorrhage and Endothelin-1 particularly may play an important role inthe vasospasm following spontaneous subarachnoidhaemorrhage.
KW  - Endothelin-1
KW  - subarachnoid haemorrhage
KW  - vasospasm
N2  - Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı subaraknoid kanamalı hastalarda serum ve beyin omuriliksıvısı örneklerinde endotelin-1 düzeylerini analiz etmek ve vazospazmüzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Hastalar subaraknoid kanamayı takiben birkaç saat içinde beyin cerrahisibölümünün yoğun bakım ünitesine yatırılan hastalar arasından seçildi.Subaraknoid kanama teşhisi serebral bilgisayarlı tomografi ve lomber ponksiyonile konuldu. Hastalarınilk nörolojik muayeneleri Hunt-Hess sınıflamasına göre değerlendirildi veserebral bilgisayarlı tomografi ile tespit edilen kan miktarları Fishersınıflamasına göre derecelendirildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 20hastanın serum ve beyin omurilik sıvısı örnekleri subaraknoid kanamanınardından 1, 3, 5 ve 7. günlerde toplandı. Kontrolgrubu olarak herhangi bir kranial vasküler hastalığı, sinir sistemi travmasıveya enflamatuar hastalığı olmayan 10 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Örnekler mikro-ELISA yöntemi ile analiz edildi veserumda ve beyin omurilik sıvısında endotelin-1 düzeyleri tespit edildi. Hunt-Hess sınıflamasına göre; 6 hasta Evre I, 10 hastaEvre II, 2 hasta Evre III ve 2 hasta Evre IV olarak değerlendirildi. Fisher sınıflamasına göre; 17 hasta Evre II, 3 hastaEvre IV olarak saptandı. Vasospazm, 3, 6, 11 ve 18 numaralı olgularda dijitalsubtraksiyon anjiyografi ile tespit edildi.Sonuç: Yaptığımız çalışmada, Fisher ve Hunt-Hesssınıflandırmalarında evre arttıkça serebral vazospazm riskinin arttığısaptanmıştır. Ayrıca endotelin-1 düzeylerinin subaraknoid kanamadan sonraarttığı ve artan endotelin-1 seviyelerinin spontan subaraknoid kanamayı takibenvazospazmda önemli bir rol oynayabileceği ortaya konmuştur.
CR  - Sundt TM Jr, Kobayashi S, Fode NC, Whisnant JP. Results and complications of surgical management of 809 intracranial aneurysms in 722 cases. Related and unrelated to grade of patient, type of aneurysm, andtiming of surgery. J Neurosurg. 1982;56:753-65.
CR  - Kassell NF, Torner JC, Haley EC Jr, Jane JA, Adams HP, Kongable GL. The international cooperative study on the timing of aneurysm surgery, part 1: overall management results. J Neurosurg. 1990;73:18-36.
CR  - Adams HP, Kassell NF, Torner JC, Haley EC Jr. Predicting cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: influences of clinical condition, CT results and fibrinolytic therapy: a report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study. Neurology. 1987;37:1586-91.
CR  - Mascia L, Fedorko L, Stewart DJ, Mohamed F, terBrugge K, Ranieri VM et al. Temporal relationship between endothelin-1 concentrations and cerebral vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2001;32:1185-93.
CR  - Ando K, Hirata Y, Togashi K, Kawamaki M, Maruno F. Endothelin-1 and endothelin-3-like immunoreactivity in human cerebrospinal fluid. J Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 1991;17:434-6.
CR  - Suzuki R, Masaoka E, Hirata H, Marumo F, Isotani E, Hirakawa K. The role of endothelin-1 in the origin of cerebral vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 1992;77:96-100.
CR  - Bellapart J, Jones L, Bandeshe H, Boots R. Plasma endothelin-1 as screening marker for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2014;20:77-83.
CR  - Kessler IM, Pacheco YM, Lozzi SP, de Araujo AS Jr, Onishi FJ, de Mello PA. Endothelin-1 levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surg Neurol. 2005;64:2-5.
CR  - Munakata A, Naraoka M, Katagai T, Shimamura N, Ohkuma H.. Role of cyclooxygenase-2 in relation to nitric oxide and endothelin-1 on pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbit. Transl Stroke Res. 2016;7(3):220-7.
CR  - Bickford JS, Ali NF, Nick JA, Al-Yahia M, Beachy DE, Dore S  et al. Endothelin-1-mediated vasoconstriction alters cerebral gene expression in iron homeostasis and eicosanoid metabolism. Brain Res. 2014;1588:25-36.
CR  - Cengiz SL, Erdi MF, Tosun M, Atalik E, Avunduk MC, Sönmez FC et al. Beneficial effects of levosimendan on cerebral vasospasm induced by subarachnoid haemorrhage: An experimental study. Brain Inj. 2010;24:877-85.
CR  - Heros RC, Zervas NT, Varsos V. Cerebral vasospasm after SAH. An update. Ann Neurology. 1983;14:599-608.
CR  - Knekt P, Reunanen A, Ahok A. Risk factors for SAH in a longitudinal population study. J Clin Epidemiology. 1991;44:933-9.
CR  - Penn DL, Witte SR, Komotar RJ, Sander Connolly E Jr. Pathological mechanisms underlying aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage and vasospasm. J Clin Neurosci. 2015;22:1-5.
CR  - Saveland H, Sonesson B, Lujungren B. Outcome evaluation following SAH. J Neurosurg. 1986;4:191-5.
CR  - Wilkins RH. Cerebral vazospasm. Contemporary. Neurosurgery. 1988:10:18-21.
CR  - Wirth FP. Surgical treatment of incidental intracranial aneurysms. Clin Neurosurg. 1986;33:125-35.
CR  - Ecker A, Riemenschenider PA. Arteriographic demonstration of spazm of the intracranial arteries. J Neurosurg. 1951;8:660-7.
CR  - Griessenauer CJ, Starke RM, Foreman PM, Hendrix P, Harrigan MR, Fisher WS 3rd et al. Associations between endothelin polymorphisms and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, clinical vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, and functional outcome. J Neurosurg. 2017;26:1-7.
CR  - Tııt M, Birger A, Annika L, Hans VH. Increased interleukin-6 levels in cerebrospinal fluid following subarachnoid hemorrahage. J Neurosurg. 1993;78:562-7.
CR  - Gaetani P, Rodriguez y Baena R, Grignani G, Spanu G, Pacchiarini L, Paoletti P. Endothelin and aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a study of subarachnoid cisternal cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurol Neurosurg Pschiatry. 1994;57:66-72.
CR  - Gaetani P, Tartara F, Pignatti P, Tancioni F, Rodriguez y Baena R, De Benedetti F. Cisternal CSF levels of cytokines after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurol Res. 1998;20:337-42.
CR  - Suzuki K, Meguro K, Sakurai T, Saitoh Y, Takeuchi S, Nose T. Endothelin-1 concentration increases in the cerebrospinal fluid in cerebral vasospasm caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surg Neurol. 2000;53:131-5.
CR  - Seifert V, Loffler B, Zimmermann M, Roux S, Stolke D. Endothelin concentrations in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: correlation with cerebral vasospasm, delayed ischemic neurological deficits and volume of hematoma. J Neurosurg. 1995;82:55-62.
CR  - Ohlstein E, Storer B. Oxyhemoglobin stimulation of endothelin production in cultured endothelial cells. J Neurosurg. 1992;77:274-8.
CR  - Gallek MJ, Alexander SA, Crago E, Sherwood PR, Klamerus M, Horowitz MB et al. Endothelin-1 gene polymorphisms influence cerebrospinal fluid endothelin-1 levels following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Biol Res Nurs. 2015;17(2):185-90.
CR  - Clozel M, Breu V, Burri K, Cassal JM, Fischli W, Gray GA et al. Pathophysiological role of endothelin revealed by the first orally active endothelin receptor antagonist. Nature. 1993;365:759-61.
CR  - Lei Q, Li S, Zheng R, Xu K, Li S. Endothelin-1 expression and alterations of cerebral microcirculation after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neuroradiology. 2015;57:63-70.
CR  - Rosalind Lai PM, Du R. Role of genetic polymorphisms in predicting delayed cerebral ischemia and radiographic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a metaanalysis. World Neurosurg. 2015;84:933-41.
CR  - Shirakami G, Magaribuchi T, Shingu K, Kim S, Saito Y, Nakao K et al. Change of endothelin concentration in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1994;38:457-61.
CR  - Zimmermann M. Endothelin in cerebral vasospasm. Clinical and experimental results. J Neurosurg Sci. 1997;41:139-51.
CR  - Clyde BL, Resnick DK, Yonas H, Smith HA, Kaufmann AM. The relationship of blood velocity as measured by transcranial doppler ultrasonography to cerebral blood flow as determined by stable xenon computed tomographic studies after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery. 1996;38:896-905.
CR  - Itoh S, Sasaki T, Asai A, Kuchino Y. Prevention of delayed vasospasm by an endothelin ET-A receptor antagonist, BQ-123: change of ET-A receptor mRNA expression in a canine subarachnoid hemorrhage model. J Neurosurg. 1994;81:759-64.
CR  - Matsumura Y, Ikegawa R, Suzuki Y, Takaoka M, Uchida T, Kido H et al. Phosphoramidon prevents cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in dogs: the relationship to endothelin-1 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Life Sci. 1991;49:841-8.
CR  - Shigeno T, Clozel M, Sakai S, Saito A, Goto K. The effect of bosentan, a new potent endothelin receptor antagonist, on the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm. Neurosurg. 1995;37:87-90.
CR  - Armstead WN. Role of endothelin in pial artery vasoconstriction and altered responses to vasopressin after brain injury. J Neurosurg. 1996;85:901-7.
CR  - Barone FC, Globus MY, Price WJ, White RF, Storer BL, Feuerstein GZ et al. Endothelin levels increase in rat focal and global ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1994;14:337-42.
CR  - Lampl Y, Fleminger G, Gilad R, Galron R, Sarova PI, Sokolovsky M. Endothelin in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients in the early stage of ischemic stroke. Stroke. 1997;28:1951-5.
CR  - Masaoka H, Suzuki R, Hirata Y. Raised plasma endothelin in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Lancet. 1989;82:1402.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.481237
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/656515
ER  -