TY - JOUR T1 - BİRLEŞTİRİLMİŞ ÖNKOŞULLAMA STRATEJİSİ UYGULAMALARININ TEKRARLI SPRİNT PERFORMANSINA AKUT ETKİSİ TT - THE ACUTE EFFECT OF COMBINED PRECONDITIONING STRATEGIES ON REPEATED SPRINT PERFORMANCE AU - Yılmaz, Atakan PY - 2019 DA - March DO - 10.33689/spormetre.532007 JF - SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi PB - Ankara University WT - DergiPark SN - 1304-284X SP - 31 EP - 40 VL - 17 IS - 1 LA - tr AB - Önkoşullama stratejilerinin (ÖnKSt) tek başınakullanılması performans üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahiptir. Bununla birlikte,birleşik önkoşullama stratejilerinin performansı üzerinde daha fazla etkisininolacağı düşünülmektedir ve bunu ispatlayan ilk araştırmalardan biride buçalışmadır. Bu araştırma birleştirilmişönkoşullama stratejilerinin tekrarlı sprint performansı üzerine akut etkisininincelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır Aşağıdaki ön koşullanma stratejileribirleştirilmiştir: sabah direnç egzersizi (SDE), aktif ısınma (AkI), hormonalön koşullama (HÖ), aktivasyon sonrası potansiyeli (ASP) ve iskemik ön koşullama(İsÖ). Bu çalışmaya Ankara’daki bir üniversitenin Spor Bilimleri Bölümündeokuyan 16 erkek (yaş: 21,23 ± 1,69yıl,boy: 173,91 ± 9,05 cm, vücutağırlığı: 69,95±13,05 kg) öğrenci katılmıştır Tüm katılımcılar ön testiyapmalarının ardından farklı günlerde ÖnKSt ve Sham uygulamalarına girmişlerdir.ÖnKSt grubu için testten önce sırayla SDE, İsÖ, HÖ ve ASP uygulanmış ardındanTekrarlı sprint performanslarının belirlenmesi için 12x20m tekrarlı sprinttestine (TST) girmeleri istenmiştir. Sham için etki yaratmayacak uygulamalaryapılmıştır. Yapılan istatistiki analiz sonuçlarına göre 10-20m ve 0-20m mesafelerindeEn iyi sprint zamanı değerlerinde Ön_test ve ÖnKSt arasında istatistikselolarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Benzer şekilde Toplam sprintzamanlarında Ön_test ve Sham arasında 10-20m ve 0-20m mesafelerinde vePerformans Düşüş Yüzdesi açısından 0-20m mesafelerinde istatistiksel olarakanlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Bu çalışma, sonuç olarakbirleştirilmiş önkoşullama stratejilerinin tekrarlı sprint performansı üzerindeetkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. KW - İskemik Önkoşullama KW - Tekrarlı Sprint Performansı N2 - The use of preconditioning strategies (Pre-CC) alone has a positive effecton performance. However, it is thought that there will be more impact on theperformance of combined preconditioning strategies and this is one of the firststudies to prove this. This research was conducted to examine the acute impactof the combined preconditioning strategies on repeated sprint performance. Thefollowing pre-conditioning strategies (PConSt) were combined: morningresistance exercise (MRE), active warm-up (AwU), hormonal preconditioning (HPC),post-activation potential (PAP), and ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Sixteenmales (age: 21,23 ± 1,69 years, height: 173,91 ± 9,05 cm, body weight: 69,95 ±13,05 kg)who studied at the Department of Sport Sciences of a university inAnkara were participated in this studyvoluntarily. Participants entered the PConSt and Sham applications on differentdays after the pre-test. Before the test, MRE, IPC, HPC and PAP were applied tothe PConSt group and then 12x20m repeated sprint test (TST) was performed fordetermination of repeated sprint performances. Applications that will notaffect Sham have been made. According to the results of statistical analysis, astatistically significant difference was found between the pre-test andprecondition for best sprint time values ​​at 10-20m and 0-20m distances (p<0.05). Similarly, there was a statistically significant difference between10-20m and 0-20m distances and 0-20m distances between the pre-test and sham intotal sprint times. This study showed that the combined preconditioningstrategies may have an impact on repeated sprint performance. CR - Bailey TG, Jones H, Gregson W, Atkinson G, Cable NT, and Thıjssen, DH.(2012) Effect of ischemic preconditioning on lactate accumulation and running performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 44: 2084–2089. CR - Bishop D. Warm up I.(2003) Sports Med 33(6): 439–454. CR - Bishop D. Warm up II: Performance changes following active warm up and how to structure the warm up.(2003) Sports Med 33: 483–498. CR - Cardinale, M., & Bosco, C.(2003) The use of vibration as an exercise intervention. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 31(1), 3-7. CR - Clevidence MW, Mowery RE, and Kushnick MR. (2012)The effects of ischemic preconditioning on aerobic and anaerobic variables associated with submaximal cycling performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 112(10): 3649–3654. CR - Cook CJ and Crewther BT.(2012) The effects of different pre-game motivational interventions on athlete free hormonal state and subsequent performance in professional rugby union matches. Physiol Behav 106: 683–688. CR - Cook CJ, Kilduff LP, and West DJ. (2013) Morning based strength training improves afternoon physical performance in rugby union players. J Sci Med Sport 17(3): 317–321. CR - Crisafulli A, Tangianu F, and Tocco T. (2011) Ischemic preconditioning of the muscles improves maximal exercise performance but not maximal oxygen uptake in humans. J Appl Physiol 111(2): 530–536. CR - De Groot PCE, Thijssen DHJ, Sanchez M, Ellenkamp R, and Hopman MTE.(2010) Ischemic preconditioning improves maximal performance in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 108: 141–146. CR - Docherty D, Robbins D, and Hodgson M. (2004) Complex training revisited: a review of its current status as a viable training approach. Strength Cond J 26(6): 52–57. CR - Duruturk N, Ozunlu Pekyavas N, Yılmaz A and Karatas M. (2016) Is quadriceps Kinesio taping effective on aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacities of healthy subjects? – a randomized controlled study. Int J Athl Ther Train 21: 32–38. CR - Eisen, A, Fisman, EZ, and Rubenfire, M. (2004) Ischemic preconditioning: nearly two decades of research. a comprehensive review. Atherosclerosis 172(2): 201–10. CR - Ekstrand, LG, Battaglini, CL, McMurray, RG, and Shields, EW. (2013) Assessing explosive power production using the backward overhead shot throw and the effects of morning resistance exercise on afternoon performance. J Strength Cond Res27(1): 101–106. CR - Faigenbaum AD, McFarland JE, Schwerdtman JA, Ratamess NA, Kang J and Hoffman JR. (2006) Dynamic warm-up protocols, with and without a weight vest, and fitness performance in high school female athletes. J Athl Train 41: 357–363. CR - Foster GP, Westerdahl DE, Foster LA, Hsu JV and Anholm JD. (2011) Ischemic preconditioning of the lower extremity attenuates the normal hypoxic increase in pulmonary artery systolic pressure. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 179(2): 248–253. CR - Gibson N, White J, Neish M and Murry A. (2013) Effect of ischemic preconditioning on land-based sprinting in team-sport athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 8: 671–676. CR - Griffin PJ, Ferguson RA, Gissane C, Bailey SJ & Patterson SD.(2018) Ischemic preconditioning enhances critical power during a 3-minute all-out cycling test. Journal of sports sciences, 36(9), 1038-1043. CR - Guggenheimer, JD, Dickin, DC, Reyes, GF, and Dolny, DG. (2009) The effects of specific preconditioning activities on acute sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res 23(4): 1135–1139. CR - Gürke L, Mattei A, Chaloupka K, Marx A, Sutter PM, Stierli P & Heberer M. (2009) Mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning in skeletal muscle. Journal of Surgical Research, 94.1: 18-27. CR - Hodgson, M, Docherty, D, and Robbins, D. (2005) Post-activation potentiation: underlying physiology and implications for motor performance. Sports Med 25(7): 385–395. CR - Jean-St-Michel E, Manlhiot C, Li J, Tropak M, Michelsen M, Schmidt MR, McCrindle BW, Walls GD and Redington AN. (2011) Remote preconditioning improves maximal performance in highly trained athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 43(7): 1280–1286. CR - Kilduff LP, Finn CV, Baker JS, Cook CJ, West DJ. (2013) Preconditioning strategies to enhance physical performance on the day of the competition. International Journal Sports Physiology Performance, 8(6):677–81. CR - Kilduff, LP, Owen, N, Bevan, H, Bennett, M, Kingsley, MI, and Cunningham, D. (2008) Influence of recovery time on post-activation potentiation in professional rugby players. J Sports Sci 26: 795–802. CR - Lalonde F and Curnier D. (2014) Can anaerobic performance be improved by remote ischemic preconditioning? J Strength Cond Res 29(1): 80–85. CR - Latash, ML. (1992) Neurophysiological basis of movement. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. CR - Liu, GS, Thornton, J, Van Winkle, DM, Stanley, AW, Olsson, RA, and Downey, JM. (1991) Protection against infarction afforded by preconditioning is mediated by A1 adenosine receptors in rabbit heart. Circulation 84: 350. CR - Loenneke, JP, Fahs, CA, Rossow, LM, Sherk, VD, Thiebaud, RS, Abe, T, Bemben, DA, and Bemben, MG. (2012) Effects of cuff width on arterial occlusion: implications for blood flow restricted exercise.Eur J Appl Physiol 112: 2903–2912. CR - Murry CE, Jennings RB and Reimer KA. (1986) Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation 74: 1124. CR - Murry, C. E., Jennings, R. B., & Reimer, K. A. (1986) Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation, 74(5), 1124-1136. CR - O’Rourke B. (2000) Myocardial KATP channels in preconditioning. Circ Res 87: 845. CR - Oragui, E., Parsons, A., White, T., Longo, U. G., & Khan, W. S. (2011) Tourniquet use in upper limb surgery. Hand, 6(2), 165-173. CR - Özdemir FM., Yılmaz A. & Kin-İşler A. (2014). Genç Futbolcularda Tekrarlı Sprint Performansının Yaşa Göre İncelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(1), 1-10. CR - Pearson, SJ, and Hussain, SR. (2014) Lack of association between post-activation potentiation and subsequent jump performance. Eur J Sports Sci 14(5): 418–425. CR - Pedowitz, R. A., Gershuni, D. H., Schmidt, A. H., Fridén, J., Rydevik, B. L., & Hargens, A. R. (1991) Muscle injury induced beneath and distal to a pneumatic tourniquet: a quantitative animal study of effects of tourniquet pressure and duration. Journal of Hand Surgery, 16(4), 610-621. CR - Riksen NP, Smits P and Rongen GA. (2004) Ischemic preconditioning: from molecular characterization to clinical application - part 1. Neth J Med 62(10): 353– 63. CR - Rixon, K, Lamont, H, and Bemden, HG. (2007) Influence of type of muscle contraction, gender and lifting experience on postactivation potentiation performance. J Strength Cond Res 21(2): 500–505. CR - Robbins DW. (2005) Postactivation potentiation and its practical applicability: a brief review. J. Strength Cond. Res 19(2): 453–458. Rønnestad, B. R., & Ellefsen, S. (2011) The effects of adding different whole-body vibration frequencies to preconditioning exercise on subsequent sprint performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(12), 3306-3310. CR - Thompson KM, Whinton AK, Ferth S, Spriet LL & Burr JF (2018) Ischemic pre-conditioning does not influence maximal sprint acceleration performance. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 1-16. Tillin NA and Bishop D, (2009) Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effect on the performance of subsequent explosive activities. Sports Med 39(2): 147–166. CR - Tocco F, Marongiu E, Ghiani G, Sanna I, Palazzolo G, Olla S, and Crisafulli A. (2015) Muscle ischemic preconditioning does not improve performance during self-paced exercise. Int J Sports Med. 36(1): 9–15. CR - Wadley G, Le Rossignol P. (1998) The relationship between repeated sprint ability and the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 1: 100-110. CR - Williams N, Russell M, Cook CJ & Kilduff LP. (2018) The Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Maximal Swimming Performance. Journal of strength and conditioning research. CR - Yellon, D. M., A. M. Alkhulaifi, and W. B. Pugsley. (1993) Preconditioning the human myocardium. The Lancet 342.8866; 276-277. CR - Yilmaz A, Gurses VV & Gulsen M. (2018) The effect of combined preconditioning strategies on isokinetic strength in well-trained kickboxers. Physical education of students, 22(5), 278-284. CR - Yılmaz A, Müniroğlu S, İşler AK & Akalan C. (2012) Aerobik ve anaerobik performans özelliklerinin tekrarlı sprint yeteneği ile ilişkisi. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(3), 95-100. CR - Yılmaz A, Soydan TA, Özkan A. & İşler AK. (2016) Farklı toparlanma sürelerinin tekrarlı sprint performansına etkisi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(2), 59-68. UR - https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.532007 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/675846 ER -