TY - JOUR T1 - Metallographic Aspects Investigation of Penstock Materials in Hydroelectric Power Plants and Penstock Maintenance Methods AU - Kahraman, Gökhan AU - Taşgın, Yahya PY - 2019 DA - October Y2 - 2019 DO - 10.16984/saufenbilder.532674 JF - Sakarya University Journal of Science JO - SAUJS PB - Sakarya University WT - DergiPark SN - 2147-835X SP - 744 EP - 748 VL - 23 IS - 5 LA - en AB - Hydroelectric powerplants are renewable energy sources and have little impact on the environment.Therefore, it is one of the most preferred energy sources in the world. Inparallel with this situation, it is very important that the hydroelectric powerplants are maintained, their failures are prevented or permanently removed. Oneof the most important parts of hydroelectric power plants is penstock pipes.Along with the snail part of the power plant, the penstock supplies thepressurized water to the turbine wheel for energy production. In the powerplants that have been producing energy for many years, the maintenance andmaterial properties of penstock are very important. In this study, one of themost important equipment of hydroelectric power plants, pressurized water pipes(penstock) and chemical components have been examined in macro and microstructure and their maintenance is investigated. In the metallographic study onthe samples taken from two different regions of the penstock pipe; the perliticstructure, which has a homogeneous distribution into the ferritic structureforming the matrix, is determined and supported by analyzes. This study willhelp to ensure that all hydroelectric power plants operate smoothly in terms ofpenstock. KW - Hydroelectric Power Plants KW - Penstock Pipe KW - Metallographic Survey CR - [1] World Energy Councıl, 2016. CR - [2] U. Dorji , R. Ghomashchi, “Hydro turbine failure mechanisms,” Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 44, pp. 136–147, 2014. CR - [3] M.K. Padhy, R.P. Saini, “A review on silt erosion in hydro turbines,” Renew Sustain Energy Rev, vol. 12, pp. 1975–1986, 2007. CR - [4] A. Adamkowski, “Case study: lapino power plant penstock failure,” J. Hydraul. Eng., Vol. 127 pp. 547–555, 2000. CR - [5] F. Kawamura, “Fracture toughness of long-term used SS41 and welding joint”, Master Thesis, Kagawa University, 2005. CR - [6] C.K. Sanathanan, “Accurate low order model for hydraulic turbine-penstock,” IEEE Trans Energy Convers, vol. 2 pp. 196-200, 1987. CR - [7] G.M. Lucas, J.I. Sarasua, J.A.S. Fernandez, J.R. Wilhelmi, “Power-frequency control of hydropower plants with long penstocks in isolated systems with wind generation,” Renewable Energy, vol. 83, pp. 245-255, 2015. CR - [8] G.M. Lucas, J.L.P. Diaz, M. Chazarra, J.L. Sarasua, G. Cavazzini, G. Pavesi, G. Ardizzon, “Risk of penstock fatigue in pumped-storage power plants operating with variable speed in pumping mode,” Renewable Energy, vol. 133, pp. 636-646, 2019. CR - [9] R. Kumar, S.K. Singal, “Penstock material selection in small hydropower plants using MADM methods,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 52 pp. 240–255, 2015. CR - [10] F. Kawamura, M. Miura, R. Ebara, K. Yanase, “Material strength of long-term used penstock of a hydroelectric power plant,” Case Studies in Structural Engineering, vol. 6, pp. 103–114, 2016. CR - [11] A.S. Leon, L. Zhu, “A dimensional analysis for determining optimal discharge and penstock diameter in impulse and reaction water turbines,” Renewable Energy, vol. 71, pp. 609-615, 2014. CR - [12] K.V. Alexander, E.P. Giddens, “Optimum penstocks for low head microhydro schemes,” Renewable Energy, vol. 33, pp. 507–519, 2008. CR - [13] J.H. Bulloch, A.G. Callagy, “An detailed integrity assessment of a 25 MW hydro-electric power station penstock,” Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 17, pp. 387–393, 2010. CR - [14] H. Başeşme, Hidroelektrik santraller ve Hidroelektrik santral tesisleri, 2003. UR - https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.532674 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/682033 ER -