TY - JOUR T1 - Student Ability for Learning Computer Programming Languages in Primary Schools TT - Student Ability for Learning Computer Programming Languages in Primary Schools AU - Wakıl, Karzan AU - Khdır, Shanaz AU - Sabır, Lava AU - Nawzad, Lezan PY - 2019 DA - August DO - 10.31458/iejes.591938 JF - International e-Journal of Educational Studies JO - IEJES PB - Tamer KUTLUCA WT - DergiPark SN - 2602-4241 SP - 109 EP - 115 VL - 3 IS - 6 LA - en AB - ComputerProgramming Languages (CPL) is known for its complexity and difficulty. It isbelieved to be hard to teach and to learn also many pupils and students in CPLcourses have difficulties to master allrequired competencies and skills. At the introductorylevel of CPL, that problem is even morenotable. There are different approaches to improve the dropout rate at CPLcourses and to populate CPL. Recently, special visual environments for VisualProgramming Language (VPL) are being used.Early research results show that VPL can be more efficient than classicaltextual programming, students can be more motivated, less bored and not burdenwith the syntax of CPL in hand, also Iraqas a new developing county especially in education and technology not study CPL in primary and high schools. Inthis study, we use visual basic for learning CPLsat 6th grade to 9th-grade primary schoolsin Iraq. We teach visual basic in four primary schools in Sulaimani city duringa course and we test the students, theresult of the test shows that the students havethe ability to learn CPL by rating 71%, also the students enjoyed withlearning CPL. Finally, the result of this paper helps us to adding CPL curriculum to primary schools aswell as to high schools. KW - Learning programming KW - educational technology KW - computer programming languages N2 - ComputerProgramming Languages (CPL) is known for its complexity and difficulty. It isbelieved to be hard to teach and to learn also many pupils and students in CPLcourses have difficulties to master allrequired competencies and skills. At the introductorylevel of CPL, that problem is even morenotable. There are different approaches to improve the dropout rate at CPLcourses and to populate CPL. Recently, special visual environments for VisualProgramming Language (VPL) are being used.Early research results show that VPL can be more efficient than classicaltextual programming, students can be more motivated, less bored and not burdenwith the syntax of CPL in hand, also Iraqas a new developing county especially in education and technology not study CPL in primary and high schools. Inthis study, we use visual basic for learning CPLsat 6th grade to 9th-grade primary schoolsin Iraq. We teach visual basic in four primary schools in Sulaimani city duringa course and we test the students, theresult of the test shows that the students havethe ability to learn CPL by rating 71%, also the students enjoyed withlearning CPL. Finally, the result of this paper helps us to adding CPL curriculum to primary schools aswell as to high schools. CR - Ala-Mutka, K. (2004). Problems in learning and teaching programming–a literature study for developing visualizations in the Codewitz-Minerva project. Codewitz needs analysis, 20. CR - Bargury, I. Z., Muller, O., Haberman, B., Zohar, D., Cohen, A., Levy, D., & Hotoveli, R. (2012). Implementing a new Computer Science Curriculum for middle school in Israel. Paper presented at the Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2012. CR - Bers, M. U., Flannery, L., Kazakoff, E. R., & Sullivan, A. (2014). Computational thinking and tinkering: Exploration of an early childhood robotics curriculum. Computers & Education, 72, 145-157. CR - Clements, D. H., & Gullo, D. F. (1984). Effects of computer programming on young children's cognition. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(6), 1051. CR - Denner, J., Werner, L., & Ortiz, E. (2012). Computer games created by middle school girls: Can they be used to measure understanding of computer science concepts? Computers & Education, 58(1), 240-249. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.08.006 CR - Fessakis, G., Gouli, E., & Mavroudi, E. (2013). Problem solving by 5–6 years old kindergarten children in a computer programming environment: A case study. Computers & Education, 63, 87-97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.11.016 CR - Grgurina, N., Barendsen, E., Zwaneveld, B., van Veen, K., & Stoker, I. (2014). Computational thinking skills in dutch secondary education: exploring teacher's perspective. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 9th workshop in primary and secondary computing education. CR - Grout, V., & Houlden, N. (2014a). Taking Computer Science and Programming into Schools: The Glyndŵr/BCS Turing Project. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 141, 680-685. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.119 CR - Grout, V., & Houlden, N. (2014b). Taking computer science and programming into schools: The Glyndŵr/BCS Turing project. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 141, 680-685. Kalelioğlu, F. (2015). A new way of teaching programming skills to K-12 students: Code. org. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 200-210. CR - Kalelioğlu, F., & Gülbahar, Y. (2014). The effects of teaching programming via scratch on problem solving skills: a discussion from learners' perspective. Informatics in Education, 13(1). CR - Kaučič, B., & Asič, T. (2011). Improving introductory programming with Scratch? Paper presented at the MIPRO, 2011 Proceedings of the 34th International Convention. CR - Kelleher, C., Pausch, R., & Kiesler, S. (2007). Storytelling alice motivates middle school girls to learn computer programming. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems. CR - Keren, G., & Fridin, M. (2014). Kindergarten Social Assistive Robot (KindSAR) for children’s geometric thinking and metacognitive development in preschool education: A pilot study. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 400-412. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.009 CR - Lee, I., Martin, F., & Apone, K. (2014). Integrating computational thinking across the K--8 curriculum. Acm Inroads, 5(4), 64-71. CR - Lin, J. M.-C., Yen, L.-Y., Yang, M.-C., & Chen, C.-F. (2005). Teaching computer programming in elementary schools: A pilot study. Paper presented at the National educational computing conference. CR - Mohammed, G. S., Wakil, K., & Nawroly, S. S. (2018). The Effectiveness of microlearning to improve students’ learning ability. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 3(3), 32-38. CR - Nawzad, L., Rahim, D., & Said, K. W. (2018). The Effectiveness of Technology for Improving the Teaching of Natural Science Subjects. Indonesian Journal of Curriculum and Educational Technology Studies, 6(1), 15-21. CR - Rico, M., Martínez-Muñoz, G., Alaman, X., Camacho, D., & Pulido, E. (2011). A programming experience of high school students in a virtual world platform. International Journal of Engineering Education, 27(1), 52. CR - Robins, A., Rountree, J., & Rountree, N. (2003). Learning and teaching programming: A review and discussion. Computer Science Education, 13(2), 137-172. CR - Rogozhkina, I., & Kushnirenko, A. (2011). PiktoMir: teaching programming concepts to preschoolers with a new tutorial environment. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 28, 601-605. CR - Roy, G. G., Kelso, J., & Standing, C. (1998). Towards a visual programming environment for software development. Paper presented at the Software Engineering: Education & Practice, 1998. Proceedings. 1998 International Conference. CR - Saeli, M. (2012). Teaching programming for secondary school: a pedagogical content knowledge based approach. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. CR - Sáez-López, J.-M., Román-González, M., & Vázquez-Cano, E. (2016). Visual programming languages integrated across the curriculum in elementary school: A two year case study using “Scratch” in five schools. Computers & Education, 97, 129-141. CR - Stephenson, C., Gal-Ezer, J., Haberman, B., & Verno, A. (2005). The new educational imperative: Improving high school computer science education. Final Report of the CSTA Curriculum Improvement Task Force. Wakil, K., & Jawawi, D. N. (2017). Comparison between web engineering methods to develop multi web applications. Journal of Software, 12(10), 783-794. Wakil, K., Muhamad, D., Sardar, K., & Jalal, S. (2017). The impact of teaching ICT for developing education systems. International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 5(7), 873-879. doi:10.21474/IJAR01/4793. CR - Wakil, K., Omer, S., & Omer, B. (2017). Impact of computer games on students GPA. European Journal of Education Studies. 3 (8), 262-272. doi:10.5281/zenodo.827400. CR - Wakil, K., Qaisar, N.., & Mohammed, C. (2017). Enriching classrooms with technology in the basic schools. European Journal of Open Education and E-learning Studies, 2(1), 99-108. CR - Winslow, L. E. (1996). Programming pedagogy—a psychological overview. ACM Sigcse Bulletin, 28(3), 17-22. UR - https://doi.org/10.31458/iejes.591938 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/761876 ER -