@article{article_621810, title={Maggot Debridement Therapy and Its Important Components: Antimicrobial Agent Chymotrypsin and It’s Protein Structure}, journal={Journal of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology}, volume={4}, pages={107–117}, year={2019}, author={Erdoğan, Emrah and Akşit, Abdüssamed and Gürgel, Ahmet and Karaca, Serkan and Özkan, Bora}, keywords={MDT,Lucilia sericata,Biofilm,chymotrypsin,antibiotic resistance}, abstract={<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"> <b> <span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;">Background:    </span> </b> <br /> </p> <p> <b> </b> </p> <b> </b> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"> <span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;">Chronic wounds that
do not heal are a major health problem worldwide. The colonization of the
tissues with polymicrobial flora in all chronic wounds is the factor that
retards the healing. Systemic and topical antibiotics or antiseptics are used
to treat clinical infections in non-healing wounds. In recent studies, however,
it has been stated that antibiotics do not support the desired outcome in wound
healing. With the increase in antibiotic use, bacterial resistance problem
arises in the treatment of bacterial colonization. There is an urgent need to
support and define effective strategies in chronic wound therapies that do not
respond to antibiotics. This situation causes the physicians to focus on
different areas and to be interested in treatment modalities. Today, successful
application of Maggot Debridement Treatment (MDT) is very interesting. </span> <span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;">n our study; The aim of this study was to isolate the chymotrypsin gene, which is effective in wound treatment, in the laboratory by using molecular methods </span> <span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;">  </span> </p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"> <b> <span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;">Materials and Methods: </span> <span style="line-height:150%;font-size:12.6667px;"> <font face="Helvetica, sans-serif">  </font> </span> </b> <span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;">The
Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Parasitology, genomic
DNA was isolated from the second stage larvae from the </span> <i style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;">L </i> <span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;">. </span> <i style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;">sericata </i> <span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;"> colony in
which we maintain the life cycle. PCR was performed using primers specific to
the </span> <i style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;">L </i> <span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;">. </span> <i style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;">sericata </i> <span style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;"> chymotrypsin gene region. </span> </p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"> <b> <span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;">Results: </span> </b> <span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"> </span>, <span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;">After
isolation of genomic DNA (gDNA) from <i> L.
sericata </i>, Chymotrypsin gene region was amplified using originally designed
primers with PCR.  PCR product of 455 bp was obtained. </span> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;" xml:lang="en-us">The
in-silico analysis of amino acids encoding the protein of Chymotrypsin have
shown that is approximately 25 kDa. </span> <span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"> </span> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"> <b> <span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;">Conclusions: </span> </b> <span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"> The elimination of drug-resistant pathogens has an
important role in wound treatment. Especially the second stage larvae of <i>L </i>. <i>sericata </i>release microorganisms by secreting antimicrobial enzymes. Therefore, <i>L </i>. <i>sericata </i>
larvae are important in the treatment of infected wounds. Bacteria in chronic
wounds are usually found in biofilm. These bacteria in biofilm are protected
from antibiotics and immune system. Maggot secretions are effective against
biofilms formed by bacteria such as <i>Staphylococcus
aureus </i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </i>.
Bacteria with biofilm degradation; antibiotics, immune system activities and
worm action is becoming more sensitive. The <i>L </i>. <i>sericata </i> larvae debride the wound
site and contribute to the deterioration of this biofilm with the secretion of
chymotrypsin, one of the important defensin molecules. At the same time,
chymotrypsin protein has important functions that accelerate wound healing and
induce scar tissue formation. The treatment of chronic and non-healing wounds
is complicated by various reasons, and we think t}, number={4}, publisher={Erkan YULA}