TY  - JOUR
T1  - Acute Effects of High Intensity Competition on Macroelements and Relationship with Corrected QT Interval
AU  - Kashef, Alireza
AU  - Shahidi, Fereshteh
AU  - Sadeghinikoo, Alireza
PY  - 2020
DA  - December
Y2  - 2021
JF  - Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise
JO  - Turk J Sport Exe
PB  - Selcuk University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2147-5652
SP  - 458
EP  - 463
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
LA  - en
AB  - The purpose of this study is the find the changes of calcium,sodium and potassium ions and relationship with QTc interval in professionalathletes during a short duration intense exercise. Thirty-two male athletes (age,26.9±4.7 yrs) competed in 8 minutes high intensity competition. The competitionitems included: Running on Skillmill for400 meters; Three-stage deadlifting, bar pulling up, 30-kilogram kettle bellswinging and throwing 20 sand-filled balls. The resting electrocardiogram wasrecorded in a sitting position for one minute. Venous blood samples were obtained before andimmediately after the competition and analyzed for sodium, potassium and calcium. Plasma volume changes were estimated from hemoglobin andhematocrit readings before and after competition. The results showed that theserum calcium (p<0.001) and sodium (p<0.001) levels significantlyincreased as a result of intense exercise activities while the serum potassium(p<0.001) significantly decreased. After adjusting raw data for plasmavolume changes serum calcium, sodium and potassium significantly decreased(p<0.001). No significant relationship between QTc and Ca, Na and K at rest.These results implicated that high-intensity exercise would provoke the changeof macroelements and the current data suggest that the Ca, Na and K don’t haverelationship with QTc at rest.
KW  - Calcium
KW  - Potassium
KW  - Sodium
KW  - Athletes
KW  - Sudden cardiac death
CR  - 1. Alis R, Sanchis-Gomar F, Primo-Carrau C, Lozano-Calve S, Dipalo M, Aloe R, et al. Hemoconcentration induced by exercise: Revisiting the Dill and Costill equation. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2015;25(6):e630-e7.
CR  - 2. Basavarajaiah S, Wilson M, Whyte G, Shah A, Behr E, Sharma S. Prevalence and significance of an isolated long QT interval in elite athletes. European Heart Journal. 2007;28(23):2944-9.
CR  - 3. BAZETT HC. AN ANALYSIS OF THE TIME-RELATIONS OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology. 1997;2(2):177-94.
CR  - 4. Begum F, Rahman J. Electrocardiographic and Blood Electrolytes Findings in Athletic Students of Sports Academy in Bangladesh. Occupational Medicine & Health Affairs. 2015;03(05).
CR  - 5. Dill DB, Costill DL. Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1974;37(2):247-8.
CR  - 6. Doker S, Hazar M, Uslu M, Okan I, Kafkas E, Bosgelmez, II. Influence of training frequency on serum concentrations of some essential trace elements and electrolytes in male swimmers. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2014;158(1):15-21.
CR  - 7. Fabbri A, Fantini M, Wilders R, Severi S. Computational analysis of the human sinus node action potential: model development and effects of mutations. The Journal of Physiology. 2017;595(7):2365-96.
CR  - 8. Fijorek K, Puskulluoglu M, Tomaszewska D, Tomaszewski R, Glinka A, Polak S. Serum potassium, sodium and calcium levels in healthy individuals - literature review and data analysis. Folia medica Cracoviensia. 2014;54:53-70.
CR  - 9. Gardner JD, Calkins JB, Jr., Garrison GE. ECG diagnosis: The effect of ionized serum calcium levels on electrocardiogram. Perm J. 2014;18(1):e119-e20.
CR  - 10. Guillemant J, Accarie C, Peres G, Guillemant S. Acute effects of an oral calcium load on markers of bone metabolism during endurance cycling exercise in male athletes. Calcif Tissue Int. 2004;74(5):407-14.
CR  - 11. Hazar M, Sever O, otağ A. Physiological responses of macro-elements to maximal aerobic exercise among elite women and men field hockey players. Healthmed. 2012;6:3084.
CR  - 12. Kashef AR, GHazaleyan F, shakeri N. A Comparison of QTc among Elite, Club and Beginner Male Athletes at Rest and in Exhaustive Exercise. Journal of Sport Biosciences. 2017;9(3):431-41.
CR  - 13. Machado Leite S, Freitas J, Campelo M, Maciel MJ. Electrocardiographic evaluation in athletes: ‘Normal’ changes in the athlete's heart and benefits and disadvantages of screening. Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia. 2016;35(3):169-77.
CR  - 14. McMurray RG, Tenan MS. Relationship of potassium ions and blood lactate to ventilation during exercise. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2010;35(5):691-8.
CR  - 15. Michishita R, Ishikawa-Takata K, Yoshimura E, Mihara R, Ikenaga M, Morimura K, et al. Influence of Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake on the Heart Rate Corrected-QT Interval in Elderly Subjects. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. 2015;61(2):138-46.
CR  - 16. Schmied C, Borjesson M. Sudden cardiac death in athletes. Journal of Internal Medicine. 2014;275(2):93-103.
CR  - 17. Vikulova N, Khokhlova A, Katsnelson LB, Solovyova O, editors. Effects of enhanced sodium currents in mathematical model of heterogeneous myocardium. 2015 Computing in Cardiology Conference (CinC); 2015 6-9 Sept. 2015.
CR  - 18. Wang L, Zhang J, Wang J, He W, Huang H. Effects of high-intensity training and resumed training on macroelement and microelement of elite basketball athletes. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2012;149(2):148-54.
UR  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tsed/article/626316
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/818392
ER  -