TY  - JOUR
T1  - Soil hydraulic properties: A simple and practical approach to estimate the number of samples
AU  - Salemi, Luiz Felippe
AU  - Fernandes, Rafael Pires
AU  - Silva, Robson Willians Da Costa
AU  - Garcia, Lara Gabrielle
AU  - Moraes, Jorge Marcos De
AU  - Groppo, Juliano Daniel
AU  - Martinelli, Luiz Antonio
PY  - 2020
DA  - January
DO  - 10.18393/ejss.629344
JF  - Eurasian Journal of Soil Science
JO  - EJSS
PB  - Türkiye Toprak Bilimi Derneği
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2147-4249
SP  - 18
EP  - 23
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
LA  - en
AB  - Therehave been a number of studies dealing with soil hydraulic properties. Yet,there is a poor discussion on the number of samples necessary to represent suchvariables that usually vary orders of magnitude in space. In the present paper,we examine the adequate number of samples for two soil saturated hydraulicconductivity (Ksat) data sets: (1) normal distribution (a 40 year-old pasture)and (2) non-normal distribution (primary forest). To assess the adequate numberof samples in each case, we used for normal distribution, an statisticalcriterion of standard deviation lower than 5% compared to a high samplingeffort (n = 25) as an indicative of a proper representation of Ksatvariability. In the case of non-normal distribution, we used the same criterionbut using median absolute deviation (a non-parametric statistics).  Both data sets were available in Salemi et al. (2013) and were Ksat measured at 0.15 msoil depth for medium-textured inceptisols in São Paulo State, Brazil. For eachdata set, we simulated 10 ‘new’ samplings in which we calculated mean andstandard deviation from sample 1 to 25 (for normal data) and median and medianabsolute deviation (for non-normal data). We found that, on average, at least17 to 22 samples had to be collected to meet the adopted criterion for normaldata whereas 20 to 25 had to be collected for non-normal data. Such numbers ofsamples exceed those used in a number of papers. Additional examples of thismethod with a light modification are given to establish number of samples innew study areas as well as to estimate number of samples when comparing two (ormore) land-uses. Simple and practical procedures like those presented herecould estimate the number of samples that adequately represents soil hydraulicproperties variability.   
KW  - Inceptisols
KW  - sampling
KW  - variation
KW  - water movement
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UR  - https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.629344
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/823722
ER  -