TY  - JOUR
T1  - Disaster Awareness and Preparedness of Barrio Community in Zambales, Philippines: Creating a Baseline for Curricular Integration and Extension Program
AU  - Rogayan, Danilo Jr.
AU  - Dollete, Lea
PY  - 2020
DA  - April
Y2  - 2020
DO  - 10.33403/rigeo.634564
JF  - Review of International Geographical Education Online
PB  - Eyüp ARTVİNLİ
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2146-0353
SP  - 92
EP  - 114
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
LA  - en
AB  - The social, biological and economic cost of natural disasters have increased in recent years due to skyrocketing population growth, environmental denudation and global climate change. This cross-sectional descriptive survey research determines the extent of disaster awareness and preparedness of the barrio or barangay community from the five southern municipalities of Zambales, Philippines. A total of 480 residents responded to the study. Results revealed that a majority of respondents were moderately aware about the different disasters occurring in the community. They are very aware about a typhoon whilst being moderately aware about a tsunami and storm surge. In terms of hazard level, respondents perceived a typhoon to be ‘very destructive’, whilst they understood a tsunami and storm surge to be ‘strong’. The barrio community often practice disaster preparedness for earthquakes, strong typhoons, landslides, fire, flood and volcanic eruptions. Amongst residents of the barrios, a moderate correlation exists (r=0.449) between their levels of disaster awareness and disaster preparedness. The results of this study provide a baseline information to use in decisions about the integration of disaster science and management in the curriculum at basic and higher education levels. Moreover, the results of this study also provided insights into the crafting of a community extension program to be spearheaded by the university. Such a program accentuates the need for massive dissemination of information about disasters for local communities so they become more aware about the causes and consequences of disasters. The proposed curriculum integration and extension program may inform practitioners and policy makers in making sound decisions regarding disaster risk reduction and mitigation strategies.
KW  - Disaster Preparedness
KW  - Disaster Awareness
KW  - Disaster Risk Reduction
KW  - Disaster Education
CR  - Abugho, D.E., Angeles, J.B., & Dacayo, N.A. (2016). Disaster science and management of three southern coastal barangays of Botolan, Zambales. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations, 4(4), 1-13).
CR  - Ahayalimudin, N., & Osman, N. N. S. (2016). Disaster management: Emergency nursing and medical personnel’s knowledge, attitude and practices of the East Coast region hospitals of Malaysia. Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal, 19(4), 203-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2016.08.001
CR  - AlQahtany, A. M., & Abubakar, I. R. (2020). Public perception and attitudes to disaster risks in a coastal metropolis of Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 44, 101422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101422
CR  - Amaratunga, D., Malalgoda, C., Haigh, R., Panda, A., & Rahayu, H. (2018). Sound practices of disaster risk reduction at local level. Procedia engineering, 212, 1163-1170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.150
CR  - Bacal, C., Carcellar, N., Dagondon, B., Enriquez, J., Temprosa, F., Ginnetti, J., & Villanueva, C. (2013). Disaster-induced displacement in the Philippines: The case of tropical storm Washi/Sendong. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Geneva. https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9806-3005
CR  - Baytiyeh, H., & Ocal, A. (2016). High school students’ perceptions of earthquake disaster: A comparative study of Lebanon and Turkey. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 18, 56-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.06.004
CR  - Bongiovanni, I., Leo, E., Ritrovato, M., Santoro, A. and Derrico, P. (2017). Implementation of best practices for emergency response and recovery at a large hospital: A fire emergency case study. Safety Science, 96, 121-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.03.016
CR  - Causapin, H. P. A. (2018). Semi-Markov chain modeling on earthquake occurrences in selected areas in Luzon. Tilamsik: The Southern Luzon Journal of Arts and Sciences, 10, 67-90.
CR  - Cinco, T. A., de Guzman, R. G., Ortiz, A. M. D., Delfino, R. J. P., Lasco, R. D., Hilario, F. D., & Ares, E. D. (2016). Observed trends and impacts of tropical cyclones in the Philippines. International Journal of Climatology, 36(14), 4638-4650. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4659
CR  - Commission on Audit. (2014). Disaster management practices in the Philippines: An Assessment. Retrieved from https://www.coa.gov.ph/disaster_audit/doc/National.pdf
CR  - Courtenay, G. (1978). Questionnaire Construction. In Hoinville, G., and Jowell, R., Survey Research Practice (chapter 3). Heinemann Educational Books: London.
CR  - Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
CR  - Datu, R. (2018, September 15). 1,605 families in 9 Zambales towns evacuate during Typhoon Ompong. Rappler. Retrieved from https://www.rappler.com/nation/212069-families-evacuated-zambales-typhoon-ompong
CR  - De Viana, A. V. (2016). The Philippines’ typhoon alley: The historic bagyos of the Philippines and their impact. Jurnal Kajian Wilayah, 5(2), 184-216.
CR  - Department of Disaster Management – Virgin Islands. (2011). Community disaster preparedness handbook. Tortola, Virgin Islands: Department of Disaster Management.
CR  - Dikmenli, Y., Yakar, H. & Konca, A. (2018). Development of disaster awareness scale: A validity and reliability study. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 8(2), 206-220.
CR  - Djalante, R., Garschagen, M., Thomalla, F., & Shaw, R. (2017). Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia. Fujisawa, Japan: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54466-3
CR  - Dobrucali, E., & Demir, I. H. (2016). Earthquake and flood disaster management regulations in Turkey. Disaster Science and Engineering, 2(1), 1-6.
CR  - Doroteo, H. J. E. (2015). Philippines: Disaster Risk Profile and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Framework: Natural Disasters. Asturias, Spain: University of Oviedo.
CR  - Ersoy, S., & Kocak, A. (2016). Disasters and earthquake preparedness of children and schools in Istanbul, Turkey. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 7(4), 1307-1336. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2015.1060637
CR  - Esteban, M., Valenzuela, V. P., Yun, N. Y., Mikami, T., Shibayama, T., Matsumaru, R., & Nakamura, R. (2015). Typhoon Haiyan 2013 evacuation preparations and awareness. International Journal of Sustainable Future for Human Security, 3(1), 37-45.
CR  - Farin, E.N., Co, A.I., & Farin, A.N. (2017). Flood disaster preparedness and practices of the public elementary schools in selected flood - prone areas in Zambales, Philippines. International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 5(1), 97-108.
CR  - Ferketich, S., Phillips, L., & Verran, J. (1993). Development and administration of a survey instrument for cross‐cultural research. Research in Nursing & Health, 16(3), 227-230. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770160310
CR  - Fernandez, G., & Shaw, R. (2015). Youth participation in disaster risk reduction through science clubs in the Philippines. Disasters, 39(2), 279-294. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12100
CR  - Fujii, M., & Kanbara, S. (2019). Analysis of gender differences in disaster preparedness for Nankai trough earthquake. Health Science Journal, 13(2), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.21767/1791-809X.1000644
CR  - Geological Survey (US). (2015). Pinatubo 1991. Retrieved from https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/ volcanic_ash/about_us.html
CR  - Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery. (2017). GFDRR: Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.gfdrr.org/en/philippines
CR  - Hill, R. (1998). What sample size is “enough” in internet survey research? Interpersonal Computing and Technology: An Electronic Journal for the 21st Century, 6(3-4), 1-12.
CR  - Hoffmann, R., & Muttarak, R. (2017). Learn from the past, prepare for the future: Impacts of education and experience on disaster preparedness in the Philippines and Thailand. World Development, 96, 32-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.02.016
CR  - Ilo, P.I., Izuagbe, R., Mole, A.J.C. & Ekwueme, L. (2018). Measuring disaster preparedness and response practices in university libraries in Nigeria: The role of disaster equipment. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 31, 85-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.04.007
CR  - Isaac, S., & Michael, W. B. (1995). Handbook in research and evaluation. San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Services.
CR  - Jackson, G., McNamara, K., & Witt, B. (2017). A framework for disaster vulnerability in a small island in the Southwest Pacific: A case study of Emae Island, Vanuatu. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 8(4), 358-373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-017-0145-6
CR  - Jha, S., Martinez, A., Quising, P., Ardaniel, Z. & Wang. L. (2018). Natural Disasters, Public Spending, and Creative Destruction: A Case Study of the Philippines. Tokyo: ADBI Working Paper. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3204166
CR  - Kamil, P. A., Utaya, S., & Utomo, D. H. (2020). Improving disaster knowledge within high school students through geographic literacy. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 43, 101411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101411
CR  - Khorram-Manesh, A., Lupesco, O., Friedl, T., Arnim, G., Kaptan, K., Djalali, A. R. & Fischer, P. (2016). Education in disaster management: What do we offer and what do we need? Proposing a New Global Program. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 10(6), 854-873. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.88
CR  - Labrague, L. J., Yboa, B. C., McEnroe–Petitte, D. M., Lobrino, L. R., & Brennan, M. G. B. (2016). Disaster preparedness in Philippine nurses. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 48(1), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12186
CR  - Leelawat, N., Mateo, C. M. R., Gaspay, S. M., Suppasri, A., & Imamura, F. (2014). Filipinos’ views on the disaster information for the 2013 Super Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. International Journal of Sustainable Future for Human Security, 2(2), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.24910/jsustain/2.2/1628
CR  - Macanas, G.A., & Rogayan, D.V., Jr.  (2019). Enhancing elementary pupils’ conceptual understanding on matter through Sci-vestigative Pedagogical Strategy (SPS). Participatory Educational Research, 6(2), 206-220. https://dx.doi.org/10.17275/ per.19.22.6.2
CR  - Macnight Ngwese, N., Saito, O., Sato, A., Agyeman Boafo, Y., & Jasaw, G. (2018). Traditional and Local knowledge practices for disaster risk reduction in northern Ghana. Sustainability, 10(3), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030825
CR  - Malik, K., Rahman, S. M., Khondaker, A. N., Abubakar, I. R., Aina, Y. A., & Hasan, M. A. (2019). Renewable energy utilization to promote sustainability in GCC countries: policies, drivers, and barriers. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(20), 20798-20814. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05337-1
CR  - Matsumoto, M., Sasaki, T., & Muslim, D. (2018). A study on the level of disaster awareness and preparedness between Indonesian and Japanese students. Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. F6 (Safety problems), 74(2), 53-62. https://doi.org/10.2208/jscejsp.74.I_53
CR  - Matunhay, L. M. (2018). Disaster preparedness and resiliency of the local government unit of Compostela. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied, 42(3), 56-67.
CR  - Mertens, D. (2005). Research and Evaluation in Education and Psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods (2nd Ed.). Boston: Sage.
CR  - Mogato, A.G.A. (2019, April 23). Magnitude 6.1 Luzon earthquake: What we know so far. Rappler. Retrieved from https://www.rappler.com/nation/228772-updates-luzon-earthquake-april-2019
CR  - Newhall, C. & Solidum., R.U. (2017). Volcanic hazard communication at Pinatubo from 1991 to 2015. In Observing the Volcano World, pp. 189-203. Springer, Cham.  https://doi.org/10.1007/11157_2016_43
CR  - Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UN). (2019). Disaster Risk Reduction in the Philippines: Status Report 2019. Retrieved from https://www.unisdr.org/files/68265_ 682308philippinesdrmstatusreport.pdf
CR  - Office of Civil Defense - National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. (2015). National progress report on the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action (2013-2015). Retrieved from https://www.preventionweb.net/files/43379_PHL_ NationalHFAprogress _2013-15.pdf
CR  - Ozeki, K., & Ojima, T. (2019). Current status of disaster preparedness of pharmacies and differences in disaster awareness based on pharmacy size. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 13(4), 753-757. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2018.160
CR  - Paton, D., Smith, L., & Johnston, D. (2005). When good intentions turn bad: promoting natural hazard preparedness. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 20(1), 25-30.
CR  - Paz-Alberto, A. M., Camaso, E. E., Abella, G. P. L., Genaro, C. R., & De Guzman, C. H. E. A. (2019). GIS-assisted flood hazard assessment and mapping in selected areas in Zambales. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing & Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-4/W19, 331-337. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w19-331-2019
CR  - Paz-Alberto, A. M., Ramos, G. N., Carganilla, H. M. T., Divina, C. C. C., & Barza, J. J. J. (2016). Exposure and vulnerability assessment of buildings extracted from LIDAR-derived datasets in the flood plains of Santo Tomas River basin, Zambales, Philippines. International Journal of Applied Remote Sensing and GIS, 3, 1-12.
CR  - Pınar, A. (2017). What is Secondary School Students’ Awareness on Disasters? A Case Study. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 7(3), 315-331.
CR  - Quilo, Q. S., Mabini, M. A. T., Tamiroy, M. P. O., Mendoza, M. J. A., Ponce, S. L., & Viloria, L. S. (2015). Indigenous knowledge and practices: approach to understanding disaster. Philippine Sociological Review, 63, 105-129.
CR  - Rasaki, O. E. (2019). Disaster management practices in selected university libraries in Nigeria. Journal of the Institute of Conservation, 42(2), 151-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2019.1604395
CR  - Reid, A. (2017). Population history in a dangerous environment: How important may natural disasters have been? Masyarakat Indonesia, 39, (2), 505-525.
CR  - Republic Act No. 10121. (2010). An act strengthening the Philippine disaster risk reduction and management system, providing for the national disaster risk reduction and management framework and institutionalizing the national disaster risk reduction and management plan, appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes. Retrieved from https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2010/05/27/republic-act-no-10121/
CR  - Rogayan, D.V., Jr. (2019). I heart nature: Perspectives of university students on environmental stewardship. International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology, 1(1), 10-16.
CR  - Rogayan, D.V., Jr., & Nebrida, E.E.N. (2019). Environmental awareness and practices of Science students: Input for ecological management plan. International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education, 9(2), 106-119.
CR  - Saja, A. M. A., Teo, M., Goonetilleke, A., & Ziyath, A. M. (2018). An inclusive and adaptive framework for measuring social resilience to disasters. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 28, 862–873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.02.004
CR  - Shahbaz, S. (2019). Disaster Preparedness and Management in Pakistan: A Systematic Review. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 34(Suppl. 1), s122. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X19002620
CR  - Sison, B. Jr. (2013, September 24). Landslides, floods kill 22 in Zambales. The Philippine Star. Retrieved from https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2013/09/24/1237497/landslides-floods-kill-22-zambales
CR  - Subia, E. G. S., Jocson, E. J. C., & Florencondia, E. N. T. (2019). Flood prevention and mitigation initiatives towards a flood-free city. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 58(1), 215-224.
CR  - Superio, D. L., Alayon, S. B., & Oliveros, M. G. H. (2019). Disaster management practices of academic libraries in Panay Island, Philippines: Lessons from Typhoon Haiyan. Information Development, 35(1), 51-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666917725905
CR  - Susanto, A., Sumarmi, & Susilo, S. (2016). Improving natural disaster mitigation and adaptation using geographic literacy. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 7(6), 333-338. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n6p333
CR  - Taskiran, G., & Baykal, U. (2019). Nurses’ disaster preparedness and core competencies in Turkey: a descriptive correlational design. International Nursing Review, 66(2), 165-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12501
CR  - Teo, M., Goonetilleke, A., Ahankoob, A., Deilami, K., & Lawie, M. (2018). Disaster awareness and information seeking behaviour among residents from low socio-economic backgrounds. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 31, 1121-1131. https://doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.09.008
CR  - Tiwari, K. R., & Rayamajhi, S. (2018). Devastating monsoon: Water induced disaster management practices in Nepal. Forestry: Journal of Institute of Forestry, Nepal, 15, 57-76. https://doi.org/10.3126/forestry.v15i0.24921
CR  - Usamah, M., Handmer, J., Mitchell, D., & Ahmed, I. (2014). Can the vulnerable be resilient? Co-existence of vulnerability and disaster resilience: Informal settlements in the Philippines. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 10, 178-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.08.007
CR  - Valenzuela, V. P. B., Esteban, M., Takagi, H., Thao, N. D., & Onuki, M. (2020). Disaster awareness in three low risk coastal communities in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 46, 101508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101508
CR  - Van Belle, G. (2008). Statistical rules of thumb (2nd Ed.). New York: John Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470377963
CR  - Vieweg, S., Hughes, A. L., Starbird, K., & Palen, L. (2010, April). Microblogging during two natural hazards events: what twitter may contribute to situational awareness. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1079-1088). https://doi.org/10.1145/1753326.1753486
CR  - Wang, J.J. (2016). Study on the context of school-based disaster management. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 19, 224–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.08.005
CR  - World Bank. (2005). Natural disaster risk management in the Philippines: Enhancing poverty alleviation through disaster reduction. Washington, DC: World Bank. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/8748
CR  - World Economic Forum. (2018). The Global Risks Report 2018 (3rd Ed.). Geneva: World Economic Forum.
CR  - Zuluaga, M. C., Norini, G., Lima, A., Albanese, S., David, C. P., & De Vivo, B. (2017). Stream sediment geochemical mapping of the Mount Pinatubo-Dizon mine area, the Philippines: Implications for mineral exploration and environmental risk. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 175, 18-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.12.012
UR  - https://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo.634564
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1105526
ER  -